Biology Cell Chapter Exam Flashcards

Many of the mechanisms that cells use for maintenance and reproduction were first studied at the molecular detail level in bacteria. Which bacterial species had a central role in advacing the field of molecular biology?

Molecules that have both water-loving and water-hating prts like the apoliproteins and membranes are said to be ____________

True or False: Anticodons are present in messenger RNA.

Genes in two separate species that are derived from the same ancestral gene are called ___________.

Current theory about how genetic diversity among different cells developed included mechanisms of new gene formation. These mechanisms include: a) horizontal transfer. b) intragenic mutations c) gene duplication d) DNA segment shuffling e) all of the above

Name the model organism that contains 959 cells and serves as a model for cell division, death, and aging? ______________

Which type of reaction is used by the cell to create most of the macromolecules? ____________

Of the following molecules, which is the typical concentrated energy storage molecule? a) phospholipid b) fatty acid c) steroid d) monosaccharide e) all of the above

Energetically unfavorabl reactions... a) can be forced to proceed by enzymes. b) have negative delta G values c) can be driven by energetically favorabel reactions if the free-enegy change for the coupled pair is less than zero. d) A & D e) none of the above

True or False: The standard free-energy change, delta G knot, of a reaction depends upon the intrinsic character of the reacting molecules as well as their concentrations.

Which of the following are the direct output of glycolysis of one glucose molecule? a) net 4 ATP b) 2 NADH c) 1 pyruvate d) 3 acetyl CoA e) all of the above

True or False: Macromolecular complexes like the ribosome are held together in the cell by vander Waals attractions as well as hydrogen, ionic, and covalent bonds.

Heat shock proteins act as molecular chaperones by:

Protein domains: A) are substructures of a protein that are modular units from which larger proteins are constructed. B) Can be detected at the amino acid sequence level and can be used as a clue as to what function an unknown protein may perform C) do not include regulatory sites on proteins; they always confer some other activity to the protein. D) A and B only E) all are true

To study how proteins fold, scientists must be able to purify the protein of interest, use solvents to denature the folded protein, and observe the process of refolding at successive time points. What is the ideal effect of the solvents used in the denaturation process?