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Dark Reactions
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-chloroplast stroma-carbon metabolism reactions -CO2 --> organic carbon (sugar) -three major pathways C3, C4, CAM pathway
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The first reaction is catalyzed by
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Rubisco
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Rubisco
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Ribulose 1,5 biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. Rubisco for short
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CO2 + RuBp-->
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2PGA
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PGA has
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3 carbon atoms, thus the pathway is called C3 pathway
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Rubisco is comprised of
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16 subunits, 8 large and 8 small
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Small subunits are
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Nuclear encoded
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Large subunits are
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Chloroplast encoded
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The rubisco protein is partially
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Manufactured in the nucleus and then shipped to the chloroplast for assembly
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Carbon fixation cycle (Calvin cycle: the basic C3 pathway
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Uptake of 1 CO2 costs: 3 ATP and 2 NADPH -This process is catalyzed by rubisco-G3P is a high energy molecule that comes out of the Calvin Cycle. it is used to make sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids-This pathway requires a lot of energy input to run. This energy comes from the ATP and NADPHs generated in the light cycle/ reactions that take place in the chloroplast
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G3P (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate)
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This high energy molecule is used to synthesize sugars in the cytosol. Excess sugars that are synthesized are stored as starch in the stroma
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Rubisco catalyzes what two reactions
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CO2 + RuBP --> PGA + PGAO2 + RuBP --> PGA + PGLY
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PGLY
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Phosphoglycolate
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The first reaction given is the
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First step in the photosynthesis process
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The second reaction is
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The first step in photorespiration
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