CARE OF THE PATIENT WITH CANCER

1.) protooncogenes: regulate norm cell growth- induce tomros
2.) tumor suppressor genes: suppress growth but mutations render inactive

-damage or programmed self suicide (apoptosis)
- can recognize and repair itself,
-or survive and pass on damage ( become mutations)

Initiation: mutation of genetic material
Promotion: sometimes reversible, latent period before symptoms ( 1-40 yrs )
Progression: increased growth,invasion,metastasis, tumor angiogenesis ( makes their own blood supply)

- no off switch to proliferation
-no contact inhibition
-no cohesiveness
-not a lot of differentiation

Well differentiated, encapsulated, expansive growth, characteristics similar to parent cell

Able to metasasize, filitrative and expansive, frequent reccurance, definitely has vascularity

-prevent development of cancer
- modify risk factors : obesity, bad diet, foods w/nitrates, smoking, alcohol, sun exposure, sedentary lifestyle

-screening&early detection
- breast self exam, mamograph,colonoscopy,pap smear,testicular exam, * prostate specific antigen levels *

Anemia cachexia
bleeding pain
fatigue
infection

Causes fear, anxiety, needs repeated explanations
- health history, fam history, physical exam, specific studies

ID by tissue origin, anatomic site, behavior of tumor
-carcinoma : trachea,lungs,epithelium,brain,skin,glands
-sarcoma: muscle,bone,connective tissue

-cell type, tumor characteristics, extent of disease, physiological&psychological status determine treatment.
-curative
-control
-palliation

Surgery
biologic,immunotherapy
radiation, chemotherapy
hormone manipulation
bone marrow transplant

Biopsy
removal of disease
diagnosis
treatment
palliation
reconstructive

LOCALIZED treatment
-cell damage/death but normal tissues are usually able to recover, the cancer cells can't get themselves together to repair
-doses vary