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Black-box model trading
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Systematic fund trading, often referred to as _______________ because the details are hidden in complex software, occurs when the ongoing trading decisions of the investment process are automatically generated by computer programs.
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Breakout strategies
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Focus on identifying the commencement of a new trend by observing the range of recent market prices (e.g., looking back at the range of prices over a specific time period).
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Capacity risk
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Arises when a managed futures trader concentrates trades in a market that lacks sufficient depth (i.e., liquidity).
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Commodity pools
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Investment funds that combine the money of several investors for the purpose of investing in the futures markets.
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Commodity trading advisers (CTAs)
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Professional money managers who specialize in the futures markets.
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Conditional correlation coefficient
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A correlation coefficient calculated on a subset of observations that is selected using a condition.
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Counterparty risk
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The uncertainty associated with the economic outcomes of one party to a contract due to potential failure of the other side of the contract to fulfill its obligations, presumably due to insolvency or illiquidity.
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Countertrend strategies
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Use various statistical measures, such as price oscillation or a relative strength index, to identify range-trading opportunities rather than pricetrending opportunities.
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Degradation
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The tendency and process through time by which a trading rule or trading system declines in effectiveness.
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Discretionary fund trading
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Occurs when the decisions of the investment process are made according to the judgment of human traders.
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Event risk
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Sudden and unexpected changes in market conditions resulting from a specific event (e.g., Lehman Brothers bankruptcy).
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Exponential moving average
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A geometrically declining moving average based on a weighted parameter, λ, with 0 < λ < 1.
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Fundamental analysis
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Uses underlying financial and economic information to ascertain intrinsic values based on economic modeling.
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Global macro funds
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Have the broadest investment universe: They are not limited by market segment, industry sector, geographic region, financial market, or currency, and therefore tend to offer high diversification.
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In-sample data
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Those observations directly used in the backtesting process.
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