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what school believed Criminal as evil, sinner, pawn of the devil
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Demonological
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Dominated early explana5ons of
criminality
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Demonological theory
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• Attributed crime to supernatural forces
– Criminal viewed as a sinner who was possessed
by demons or damned by other-worldly forces
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Demonological theory
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A demonological method to determine guilt or innoence was ...
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Trial by ordeal
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Criminal as rational, free actor
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Classical
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2 principles of classical theory
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– People have free will and ra5onal thought
– People are hedonic in their decision-making
• Guided by desire for pleasure and avoidance of pain
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Overall, what does classical theorists believe crimes are committed for?
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To recieve gains
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According to classical theory, the purpose of punishment is ...
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Deterence
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Classical theorists believe punishment should be x2
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- proportional to the interests violeaed by the crime
- should be consistently applied according to the crime |
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Used science to explain crime, physical characteristics
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Positivist theory
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Shifted the focus from crime to the offender
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Positvist theory
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3 key assumptions of positivist theory
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1. human behavior is deteredmined by psych, bio, or social foces that stop our rationality and free will
2. criminals are different from noncriminals 3. objective methods explain crime |
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two examples of positivist theory
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Eg. Franz Joseph Gall and Phrenology
eg. Cesare lobroso |
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- he claimed to link character to brain parts
- mapped it on the brain - more pronounced part of the brain, will show those traits |
Franz Joseph and phrenology
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- he thought criminals were identifed by physical abnormalities that tended to distinguish them from non-criminals
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Cesare Lombroso
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