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Compact bone
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Is the hard, rigid form of connective tissue constituting most of the skeleton of vertebrates, composed chiefly of calcium salts.
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Cancellous (spongy) bone
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Is the meshwork of spongy tissue (trabeculae) of mature adult bone typically found at the core of vertebral bones in the spine and the ends of the long bones (such as the femur or thigh bone).
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Long bone(s)
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Are hard, dense bones that provide strength, structure, and mobility. The thigh bone (femur) is a long bone. A long bone has a shaft and two ends.
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Short bone(s)
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Are designated as those bones that are as wide as they are long. Their primary function is to provide support and stability with little to no movement (ie. wrist or carpal bones)
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Flat bone(s)
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Are bones whose principal function is protection or the provision of broad surfaces for muscular attachment. These bones are expanded into broad, flat plates, as in the cranium (skull), the ilium (pelvis), sternum and the rib cage.
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Irregular bone(s)
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Are bones which, from their peculiar form, cannot be grouped as long bone, short bone, flat bone or sesamoid bone.
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Diaphysis
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The portion of a long bone between the ends or extremities, which is usually articular, and wider than the shaft
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Seasmoid bone
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A small independent bone or bony nodule developed in a tendon where it passes over an angular structure, typically in the hands and feet.
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Epiphyses
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The end of a long bone, usually wider than the shaft, and either entirely cartilaginous or separated from the shaft by a cartilaginous disk.
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Epiphyseal plate
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(or epiphysial plate, physis, or growth plate) is a hyaline cartilage plate. The plate is found in children and adolescents; in adults, who have stopped growing
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Articular cartilage
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Is a thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers articular or joint surfaces of epiphysis. This resilient material cushions blows and jolts to bones.
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Periosteum
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Is a dense, white fibrous membrane layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints.
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Medullary cavity
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Is the central cavity of bone shafts where red bone marrow and/or yellow bone marrow (adipose tissue) is stored.
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Red Marrow
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The stroma primarily contain the developmental stages of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and megakaryocytes; it is present throughout the skeleton during fetal life and at birth.
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Yellow Marrow
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Bone marrow that is yellow with fat; found at the ends of long bones in adults. The fatty network of connective tissue that fills the cavities of bones.
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