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Cards In This Set
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What is the correct order of erythropoietis?
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Haemopoietic stem cells, proerythroblasts, basophilic erythroblasts, polychromatic erythroblasts, (at this point, cell division stops and nucleus is lost), reticulocytes, then mature erythrocytes
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What are the NZ adult blood haemoglobin reference ranges?
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Female: 115 - 165 g/L Male: 130-180 g/LN.B: Mild anaemia >100 g/L, Moderate anaemia 80-100 g/L, Severe < 80 g/L
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Common symptoms of anaemia?
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Fatigue, short of breath, increased HR, feeling cold, pallor of mucous membranes
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-cytic and -chromic refer to what when describing anaemias?
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-cytic refers to cell size and -chromic refers to cell haemoglobin content. (N.B. that there is no such thing as hyperchromic anaemia)
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3 main causes of anaemia?
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Blood loss, impaired erythropoietis and increased haemolysis
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Iron deficiency and thalassaemias lead to what type of anaemia?
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Hypochromic microcytic anaemia.
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What are thalassaemias?
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Reduced production of the alpha or beta globin chain (genetic)
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Most important cause of macrocytic anaemia?
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Megaloblastic anaemia (delayed and abnormal maturation of all cells in the bone marrow and other tissues caused by a deficiency in vitamins required for nucleic acid metabolism).N.B. also caused by liver disease and increased erythropoietis
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6 causes of Normocytic Normochromic anaemias?
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Haemorrhage, chronic disease, renal failure, liver disease, haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias
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Main factor in Anaemia of Chronic Disease?
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Change in iron availability (due to the release of iron from macrophages - main storage site - to transferrin being reduced OR reduced response to erythropoietin)
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How does the body respond to haemolysis and haemolytic anaemias?
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There is reduced red cell survival in the circulation causing the marrow to respond by increasing erythropoiesis. As a result, there is a raised reticulocyte count.
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