Biopsychology--Chapter 2: Evolution, Genetics, and Experience

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Zeitgeist
The general intellectual climate of our culture.
Ethology
The study of animal behavior in the wild.
Asomatognosia
A deficiency in the awareness of parts of one's own body. Typically involves left side of body because of damage to the right pariental lobe
Fitness
Darwinian sense--the ability of an organism to survive and contribute its genes to the next generation.
Scientific Theory
An explanation that provides the best currenct account of some phenomenon based on the available evidence.
Conspecifics
Members of the same species.
Chordates
Animals with dorsal nerve cords (large nerves that run along the center of the back or dorsum).
Vertebrates
Chordates that posses the spinal bones called vertebrae.
Mammals
Seperated from others by the way the females fed their young with secretions from their mammary glands.
Taxonomy Scale of a Human
Kingdom: Animal
Phylum: Chordate
Class: Mammal
Order: Primate
Family: Hominid
Genus: Homo
Species: Sapiens
Spandrels
The incidental nonadaptive evolutionary by-products.

**Belly buttons: they serve no adaptive function and are merely the by-product of the umbilical cord.
Exaptations
Evolved to perform one function and were later co-opted to perform another.

**Bird wings: they are limbs that first evolved for the purpose of walking.
Homologous
Structures that are similar because they have a common evolutionary origin.
Analogous
Structures that are similar but do not have a common evolutionary origin
Convolutions
Folds on the cerebral surface