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Cards In This Set
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What is the central dogma of Molecular Genetics?
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DNA --> RNA --> Protein
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What kind of bonding exists between the nitrogeneous bases in a DNA double helix?
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Hydrogen Bonding
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Name all the enzymes used in DNA Transcription
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HelicaseGyrase/TopoisomeraseRNA PrimaseDNA Polymerase IIIDNA Polymerase ILigase
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During Transcription, DNA Polymerase reads the DNA in which direction?
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3' to 5'
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Which direction does DNA Polymerase III synthesize the new DNA strand during Transcription?
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5' to 3'
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On which strand can Okazaki fragments be found, and why is this strand termed this way?
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Lagging Strand; DNA Polymerase reads 3' to 5', Lagging strand runs 5' to 3'. Thus Polymerase must continually re-attach.
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What is a Replication Fork and a Replication Bubble?
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 Replication Fork: A fork created by the unwinding of DNA.Replication Bubble: A bubble-like shape created by two replication forks that are close to each other and running in opposite directions. |
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What kind of bonds exist between the Phosphate of one DNA monomer and the sugar of another DNA monomer?
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Phosphodiester Bond
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What is a key difference between DNA Polymerase III and RNA Polymerase II (used to make mRNA)?
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RNA Polymerase II can unwind and separate the double helix and then synthesize the new strand all at the same time, on its own.
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What is the promotor, and what does it consist of? Why?
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- Region upstream of gene on Template Strand- Nitrogeneous Bases are Adenine and Thymine- Easier to break 2 H-Bonds than 3 H-Bonds (G - C)
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What is the difference between a Sense and Antisense strand?
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Antisense strand targeted by RNA Polymerase.Sense strand has the actual gene needed.
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What direction does RNA Polymerase read the Antisense strand in?
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3' to 5'
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What is meant by the term "capping and tailing"? Why is this required?
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Adding a 7-methyl-guanosine cap to 5' on mRNAAdding Poly-A-tail to 3' on mRNAPrevents digestion of mRNA outside of nucleus
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What enzyme excises the unneeded bits of code in the mRNA transcript? What are these regions called?
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Spliceosome excises Introns
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What are the 3 main sites in a Ribosome during Translation?
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Acceptor (A)Peptide (P)Exit (E)
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