Biology EOC Study Guide

A) pH- Every enzyme has a narrow pH in which it functions bestB) Temperature- the same is true for temperature-every enzyme has an optimal pH in which it functions best. If the temperature is wrong things do not work right.C) Enzymes (catalysts)- Proteins made by the cells of all living things. Regulate chemical activites in the body- Enzymes lower the activation energy- Enzymes are very specific using substrates toperform specific functions

One- all living things are made of cellsTwo- Cells are the basic unit and structure of lifeThree- All cells come from pre-existing cells

Things are in balance (healthy cells)

6CO₂ + 6H₂O --------> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂( carbon dioxide) (water) (glucose) (oxygen)

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + 36ATP(glucose) (oxygen) (carbon dioxide) (water) (energy)

Mutations in body cells may result in diseases, birth defects, cancer or they maybe neutral and nothing happens.

Mutations in gametes may result in- Occur in the chromosomes. Chromosomal mutations lead to alterations in the genetic structure. This alteration can be caused by any kind of physical disturbance or chemical error during the process of meiosis. A major disturbance can kill the enbryo, while a small-scale disturbance can cause development or physical changes not found in the majority of the population such as Down's Syndrome.

DNA contains the genetic information that regulates your growth and all your other inherited traits.DNA is passed from generatioin to generation and is what makes you a unique individual.The DNA double helix looks much like a ladder that has been twisted. The sides of the ladder are the backbone, and the rungs are the nitrogenous bases. Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C). RNA