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Cards In This Set
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List three critical things that genes were known to do
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1. Genes had to carry info from one generation to the next
2. Genes had to determine the heritable characteristics or organisms 3. Genes had to be easily copied |
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What are the four nitrogen bases in DNA?
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Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
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What forms the backbone of a DNA chain?
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It is formed by the sugar and phosphate groups of each nucleotide.
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Where is DNA located in prokaryotic cells?
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The cytoplasm
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What are histones?
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DNA that is tightly coiled around proteins
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What happens during the process of replication?
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The cell duplicates its DNA in a copying process
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What are replication forks?
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The sites where DNA replication and seperation occurs
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What does messenger RNA do?
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It carries copies of the instructions for assembling amino acids from DNA to the rest of the cell
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What happens when a molecule of DNA is unzipped?
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Hydrogen bonds between pairs are broken and two strands of the molecule unwind
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List two major roles of DNA polymerase in the process of DNA replication
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1. Polymerizes individual nucleotides
2. Helps maximize the odds that each molecule is a perfect copy of the original DNA |
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What does ribosomal RNA do?
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Proteins get assembled on ribosomes
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What does transfer RNA do?
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Transfers each amino acid to the ribosome to help assemble proteins
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How are proteins made?
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By joining amino acids into long chains called polypeptides
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What is a codon?
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It consists of 3 consecutive nucleotides to specify a single amino acid that is to be added to the polypeptide
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What is an anticodon?
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The 3 bases on the tRNA molecule that are complementary to one of the mRNA codons
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