Biology Chapter 7.1-7.2 Vocabulary

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Robert Hooke
English scientist who formulated the law of elasticity and proposed a wave theory of light and formulated a theory of planetary motion and proposed the inverse square law of gravitational attraction and discovered the cellular structure of cork and introduced the term `cell' into biology
Cell
The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
Cell theory
Refers to the idea that cells are the basic unit of structure in every living thing
Nucleus
A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
Eukaryote
An organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus. Eukaryotes include all living organisms other than the eubacteria and archaebacteria
Compound light microscope
A microscope that allows light to pass through a specimen and uses two lenses to form an image. An instrument that uses two or more lenses and a beam of light to magnify small objects.
Cytoplasm
The material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus
Organelle
Any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell
Electron microscope
A microscope with high magnification and resolution, employing electron beams in place of light and using electron lenses
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information
Vacuole
A space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid
The cell is like a factory
Referes to each part of the cell having its own duties ti make it work
Lysosome
An organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane
Ribosome
A minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins
Golgi apparatus
A complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport