Biology - Chapter 3 - The Molecules of Cells

Compounds that contain carbon AND hydrogen.

Can form four covalent bonds with other atoms; inorganic molecules have no carbon chains or rings.

Atoms or groups of atoms covalently bonded to a carbon backbone; convey distinct properties, such as solubility and chemical reactivity, to the complete molecule.

"building blocks" =

Used as building blocks for the synthesis of protein.

Used as building blocks for the synthesis of carbohydrates (polysaccharides "many sugars")

Used as building blocks for lipids

Building / making =

One molecule is stripped of its H+, another is stripped of its OH; the two molecule fragments join to form a new compound and the H+ and the OH- form water. (water is a product) *monomers form polymers, water released

One molecule is split by the addition of H+ and OH- (from water) to the components; opposite of synthesis/condensation. (water is a reactant) *polymers form monomers, water added.

Energy and structural roles

One sugar unit; simplest carbohydrates

Used in assembling larger carbs; six carbon backbones

Same molecular formula, different structures.

A short chain of two or more sugar monomers