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Cards In This Set
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Macromolecules
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 Polymers built from monomers. |
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Polymer
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 The building blocks that some macromolecules are made of. |
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Monomer
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 Small, repeating organic molecules that polymers contain. |
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Dehydration Reaction
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"Synthesis"; when a water molecule is removed to form a bond between two monomers; used to bond monomers together to form polymers.
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Hydrolysis
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"Degradation"; when a water molecule is added to break a covalent bond; used to breakdown polymers into monomer subunits.
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Enzymes
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Proteins that speed up the Synthesis and Degradation reactions.
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Carbohydrates
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Include sugars and their polymers; monosaccharides (simple sugars), disaccharides, and polysaccharides; source of energy, energy storage, and structural component of cells.
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Monosaccharide
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A single sugar molecule (simple sugar); serve as a major fuel for cells as raw material for building molecules.
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Glucose
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The main fuel used for cellular work.
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Fructose
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Fruit sugar****
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Lactose
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Composed of galactose and glucose; found in milk.
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Dissaccharide
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Formed when a dehydration reaction joins two monosaccharieds (Ex. lactose).
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Polysaccharide
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The polymers of sugars that have storage and structural roles.
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Glycogen
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A storage polysaccharide in animals; polymer of glucose (animals store it mainly in liver and muscle tissue).
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Starch
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A storage polysaccharide in plants; polymer of glucose (plants store it as granules within chloroplasts and other plastids---Ex. amylose & amylopectin).
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