Biology 101: Chapter 4: Carbon & Organic Chemistry

Very small, simple molecules that usually dissociate in water releasing ions (electrolytes); nonliving organisms (Ex. common in cells: water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, & various inorganic salts).

Contain carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Organic molecules that consist of only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties (Structural, Cis-trans, & Enantiomer).

Have different covalent agreements of their atoms.

Have the same covalent bond but differ in spatial agreements.

Isomers that are mirror images of each other.

Can replace the hydrogens attached to skeletons of organic molecules.

*Inorganic: usually dissociate in water releasing ions (electrolytes); usually ionic bonding; small, simple; nonliving matter; water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, various inorganic salts. *Organic: do not release ions when dissolved in water (non electrolytes); always covalent bonding; range from simple to colossal sized molecules; living organisms; macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.

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The simplest organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms (Ex. methane--simplest).

Larger hydrocarbons form fuels fore engines, and hydrocarbons of fat molecules are important fuels for our body. Both gasoline and fats fuel something and are important sources of energy---vehicles and living things.

Length, straight, branched, and arranging in closed rings.

*Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties. *3 Types:1. Structural: different covalent arrangements of their atoms. 2. Cis-trans: the same covalent bons but differ in spatial arrangement. 3. Enantiomers: isomers that are mirror images of each other.

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