+
Related Flashcards
Related Topics
Cards In This Set
| Front | Back |
|
Who coined the term "Biology" in what year?
|
Lamarck in 1802
|
|
Intellectual history can be understood based on what two factors?
|
Interpret how things change based on internal factors (change of a discipline due to internal factors) and external factors (events or unrelated things which effect the discipline)
|
|
What are the four recurring questions in the history of biology?
|
1) what living things are in the world and how do they interact? 2) where do organisms come from? 3) how do organisms work? 4) why do offspring resemble their parents and why are they different?
|
|
What were traits that were selected for during plant domestication?
|
Larger seeds, seeds that stay on plants instead of dispersing, high yield, self pollination. selecting out of traits such as long processes needed to overcome seed dormancy.
|
|
What were the subdivisions of medicine in early civilizations?
|
Pharmacology, surgery, magic and religion
|
|
Imhotep
|
C 2700-2600 BC. Architect, physician, polymath, may have written surgical texts. First commoner (non-royal) to be mentioned in Egyptian works.
|
|
Asclepios
|
Greek medical god, god of healing
|
|
Edwin Smith papyrus
|
World's oldest medical treatise (2700 bc). It discusses diagnoses and treatment of traumatic military . Almost entirely natural medicine, shows knowledge of anatomy and physiology. Believed vasculature carried air and mucus, breath of life.
|
|
The Ebers Papyrus
|
(1550 BC) Contains both practical advice and magic. there are over 700 drugs and formulas given.
|
|
The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon
|
(2nd century BC) Important Chinese medical text, illness was seen a result of natural cause, illness can result from the disruption of the flow of chi(flowed through meridians)
|
|
Yin and yang
|
Imbalance of yin and yang can lead to illness. Yin is the negative, cold, dark, empty, earthly and feminine. Yang is the positive, warm, bright, full heavenly and masculine
|
|
Microcosm vs macrocosm
|
The human body is a microcosm that reflects the world as a whole which is a macrocosm. refers the the relationship between the world and the body. Natures five phases - wood, fire, earth, metal, water - have correspondents to the mind and body. Physicians can manipulate these to benefit the patient. (fire corresponded to mars, creativity, happiness and organs such as the heart and small intestine)
|
|
Origin of zoos and botanical gardens
|
Over 400 years ago in Egypt and Mesopotamia. Had non-native plants and animals. Became a place of scientific curiosity.
|
|
Structure of natural Greek philosophy
|
Attempted to understand nature based on two attributes: natural and rational. Believed all evidence should be open to inspection (excluded revelations and religious prophets). Tried to find natural causes for things by observation and thought.
|
|
Persian formal garden
|
(6th to 4th centruries BC) consisted of 4 equal sections separated by canals, surrounded by 4 high walls. Became known as paira-daeza (wall surrounded garden) which became the english word for paradise
|
