+
Related Flashcards
Related Topics
Cards In This Set
| Front | Back |
|
Energy input can be used for:
|
- movement- growth- transport of molecules
|
|
What does electron transfer do?
|
Drives reduction potential and supplies free energy
|
|
Exergonic reactions:
|
- more energy in reactants - delta G negative - energy RELEASED- catabolic- spontaneous- increased stability (entropy)
|
|
Endergonic reactions:
|
- more energy in products - delta G positive- energy ADDED - anabolic - non-spontaneous- decreased stability (entropy)
|
|
Dynamic steady state:
|
The system is maintained in a low free energy state that is no different from that of its surroundings. Some biological systems are in true equilibrium such as the pH of blood in mammals, but many times they are actually in dynamic equilibrium or a steady state. HUMANS are an open system - DSS helps the reaction continuously extract energy from nutrients (e.g. glucose)
|
|
First Law of Thermodynamics
|
In any physical or chemical change, the total amount of energy in the universe remains constant, although the form of the energy may change. (energy may be used but not used up - converted from one type to another)
|
|
Second Law of Thermodynamics
|
The total entropy of the universe is continuously increasing. All naturally occurring processes proceed toward equilibrium, energy flows spontaneously to become diffused or spread-out.
|
|
Why must free energy be supplied to a system?
|
To maintain order
|
|
Almost all biological processes occur at a constant:
|
Atmospheric pressure, volume and temperature.
|
|
Define free energy/ Gibbs free energy
|
The energy capable of doing work under the conditions of constant temperature and pressure
|
|
Delta G
|
Change in energy
|
|
Delta S
|
Entropy
|
|
Delta H
|
Enthalpy or heat
|
|
T
|
Temperature
|
|
Free energy formula:
|
 G = H - TS |
