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Formation of endospores
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Extreme conditions of stress cause SPOROGENESIS and intracellular endospores are formed. (Extreme conditions such as decrease nutrients, excessive heat or cold)
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Germination of endospores
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Upon retrun of favorable conditions the free spores revert to active vegetative cell.
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What is the chemical basis of spore stain method
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Since spores are difficult to stain due to thick hard outer covering. The primary stain, MALACHITE GREEN hast o be forced into the spore through the hot method or cold method. Once the stain is in, it is not possible to decolorize it.
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Hot method of endopsore staining
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Heat is used to drive the stain into the spores. Once the stain is in, it is not possible to decolorize it.
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Cold method of endospore staining
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The stain is allowed to penetrate slowly for a long time. Once the stain is in, it is not possible to decolorize it.
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Color endospores appear after staining
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Green
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Color vegetative cells appear after staining
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Red
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Endospore staining procedure
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Prepare smear. Flood slide with malachite green (20-40min). Rinse slide with water. Add safranin counterstain (1min). Rinse with water. Blot dry and view.
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What is the appearance of the endospore after spore stain
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The endospore will appear a dark green
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What is the appearance of the endospore after a Gram stain
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The endospore will not be seen after a Gram Stain
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What bacterial species are capable of producing spores
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Clostridium and Bacillus. (Clostridium sporogenes) was used in lab.
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Endospore characterisitics and disease caused by Bacillus cereus
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Central, unswollen. Causes Gastroenteritis.
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Endospore characterisitics and disease caused by Bacillus anthracis
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Central, unswollen. Causes Anthrax.
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Endospore characterisitics and disease caused by Clostridium perfringens
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Central, unswollen. Causes Gas gangrene.
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Endospore characterisitics and disease caused by Clostridium tetanii
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Terminal, swollen. Causes Tetanus (lockjaw).
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