Biology of Genes Flashcards

1) What is a genome?A) The complete complement of an organism's genesB) A specific set of polypeptides within each cellC) A specialized polymer of four different kinds of monomersD) A specific segment of DNA that is found within a prokaryotic chromosomeE) An ordered display of chromosomes arranged from largest to smalles

2) Which of the following statements about genes is incorrect?A) Genes correspond to segments of DNA.B) Many genes contain the information needed for cells to synthesize enzymes and otherproteins.C) During fertilization, both the sperm and the ovum contribute genes to the resulting fertilizedegg.D) One gene only is used in a specific cell type.E) Genetic differences can result from changes in the DNA called mutations

3) Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction differ in all but which of the following ways?A) Individuals reproducing asexually transmit 100% of their genes to their progeny, whereasindividuals reproducing sexually transmit only 50%.B) Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parents, whereassexual reproduction gives rise to genetically distinct offspring.C) Asexual reproduction involves a single parent, whereas sexual reproduction involves two.D) Asexual reproduction requires only mitosis, whereas sexual reproduction always involvesmeiosis.E) Asexual reproduction is utilized only by fungi and protists, whereas sexual reproduction isutilized only by plants and animals

4) If a horticulturist breeding gardenias succeeds in having a single plant with a particularlydesirable set of traits, which of the following would be her most probable and efficient route toestablishing a line of such plants?A) Backtrack through her previous experiments to obtain another plant with the same traits.B) Breed this plant with another plant with much weaker traits.C) Clone the plant asexually to produce an identical one.D) Force the plant to self-pollinate to obtain an identical one.E) Add nitrogen to the soil of the offspring of this plant so the desired traits continue

5) Asexual reproduction results in identical offspring unless which of the following occurs?A) Natural selectionB) CloningC) Crossing overD) MutationE) Environmental chang

6) The human genome is minimally contained in which of the following?A) Every human cellB) Each human chromosomeC) The entire DNA of a single humanD) The entire human populationE) Each human gen

7) A gene's location along a chromosome is known as which of the following?A) AlleleB) SequenceC) LocusD) VariantE) Trai

8) What is a karyotype?A) The set of unique physical characteristics that define an individualB) The collection of all the mutations present within the genome of an individualC) The combination of chromosomes found in a gameteD) A system of classifying cell nucleiE) A display of every pair of homologous chromosomes within a cell, organized according tosize and shap

9) At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the preparation of akaryotype?A) ProphaseB) MetaphaseC) AnaphaseD) TelophaseE) Interphas

10) The human X and Y chromosomesA) are both present in every somatic cell of males and females alike.B) are of approximately equal size and number of genes.C) are almost entirely homologous, despite their different names.D) include genes that determine an individual's sex.4E) include only genes that govern sex determinatio

11) Which of the following is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n = 16?A) The species is diploid with 32 chromosomes per cell.B) The species has 16 sets of chromosomes per cell.C) Each cell has 8 homologous pairs.D) During the S phase of the cell cycle there will be 32 separate chromosomes.E) A gamete from this species has 4 chromosomes

12) Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Of the following elements, whichdo all sexual life cycles have in common?I. Alternation of generationsII. MeiosisIII. FertilizationIV. GametesV. SporesA) I, IV, and VB) I, II, and IVC) II, III, and IVD) II, IV, and VE) All of the abov

13) Which of these statements is false?A) In humans, each of the 22 maternal autosomes has a homologous paternal chromosome.B) In humans, the 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, determines whether the person is female(XX) or male (XY).C) Single, haploid (n) sets of chromosomes in ovum and sperm unite during fertilization,forming a diploid (2n), single-celled zygote.D) At sexual maturity, ovaries and testes produce diploid gametes by meiosis.E) Sexual life cycles differ with respect to the relative timing of meiosis and fertilization

14) In animals, meiosis results in gametes, and fertilization results inA) spores.B) gametophytes.C) zygotes.D) sporophytes.E) clones

15) Referring to a plant sexual life cycle, which of the following terms describes the process thatleads directly to the formation of gametes?A) Sporophyte meiosisB) Gametophyte mitosisC) Gametophyte meiosis5D) Sporophyte mitosisE) Alternation of generation