Can You Explain the Physics of Energy Flashcards

Can you explain the physics of energy? Energy is simply the ability to do work, and there are different types of energy. Using the flashcards below, you will give you the chance to test out what you know about the various forms of energy and what sets them apart. Test out how much you understand the information by taking the quiz that follows.

32 cards   |   Total Attempts: 188
  

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Cards In This Set

Front Back
Energy
  • the capacity to perform work.
Kinetic energy
  • the energy of motion.
Potential energy
  • stored energy. **Machines and organisms can transform kinetic energy to potential energy and vice versa
conservation of energy
  • In all such energy transformations, total energy is conserved.
    • Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
  • Entropy
  • a measure of disorder, or randomness.
  • All energy conversions increase the entropy of the universe.
  • Chemical Energy
Heat
  • Type of kinetic energy
  • Product of all energy conversions
chemical energy
Organic compounds are relatively rich
  • Living cells and automobile engines use the same basic process to make chemical energy do work.
    • Released by the breakdown of organic molecules during cellular respiration
    • Used to generate molecules of ATP
Cellular respiration
  • energy-releasing chemical breakdown of fuel molecules that provides energy for cells to do work.
  • Humans convert about 40% of the energy in food to useful work, such as the contraction of muscles.
calorie
  • the amount of energy that raises the temperature of one gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.
**Food Calories are kilocalories, equal to 1,000 calories.
  • ATP
  • Acts like an energy shuttle
  • Stores energy obtained from food
  • Releases it later as needed
Structure of ATP
  • (adenosine triphosphate)
    • Consists of adenosine plus a tail of three phosphate groups
    • Is broken down to ADP and a phosphate group, releasing energy
  • Phosphate Transfer
  • ATP energizes other molecules by transferring phosphate groups.
  • This energy helps cells perform
    • Mechanical work
    • Transport work
    • Chemical work
  • A working muscle cell spends and recycles about 10 million ATP molecules per second.
Metabolism
  • total of all chemical reactions in an organism.
  • Most metabolic reactions require the assistance of enzymes, proteins that speed up chemical reactions.
  • Activation energy
  • Activates the reactants
  • Triggers a chemical reaction
  • Enzymes lower the activation energy for chemical reactions.
  • Induced Fit
  • Every enzyme is very selective, catalyzing a specific reaction.
  • Each enzyme recognizes a substrate, a specific reactant molecule.
    • Enzymes can function over and over again, a key characteristic of enzymes.