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Cards In This Set
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Anatomy
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It is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another.
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Subdivisions of Anatomy
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Gross or Macroscopic Anatomy (e.g. regional, systemic and surface anatomy)
Developmental Anatomy (e.g. Embryology) Miscroscopic Anatomy (e.g. cytology and histology) |
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Physiology
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Study of the function of the body.
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Principle of complementarity of structure and function
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- Function always reflects structure -
example: Bones can support and protect body organs because they contain hard mineral deposits |
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Levels of Structural Organization
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Chemical
- Atoms and molecules and organelles Cellular - Cells Tissue - Groups of similar cells Organ - Contains two or more types of tissues Organ System - Organs that work closely together Organismal - All organ systems |
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Level of Structural Organization Image
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Necessary Life Functions
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Maintaining boundaries
Movement Responsiveness Digestion Metabolism Dispose of wastes Reproduction Growth |
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Maintaining Boundaries between intenral and external environments
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- Plasma membranes
- Skin |
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Movement (mobility)
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- of body partys (skeletal muscle)
- of substances (cardiac and smooth muscle) |
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Responsiveness = sensory system
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- Ability to sense and respond to stimuli
- Withdrawal reflex - Control fo breathing rate |
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Digestion
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- Breakdown of ingested food
- Absorption of simple molecules into blood |
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Metabolism
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- All chemical reactions that occur in body cells
- Catabolism and anabolism |
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Excretion
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- Removal of wastes from metabolism and digestion
- Urea, carbon dioxide, feces |
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Reproduction
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- Production of offspring
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Growth
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- Cellular division for growthor repair
- Increase in size of a body part or of organism |
