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Cards In This Set
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IN THE SHARK, THE CIRCULATORY AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM FUNCTIONS AS ONE, EXPLAIN HOW BLOOD IS OXYGENATED AND HOW IT IS DISTRIBUTED.
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Water is drawn in from mouth and spiracles and leaves through five gill slits.
Heart pumps deoxygenated blood (from body) to gills to become oxygenated and then it travels to the rest of the body. |
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WHAT IS A DEMIBRANCH AND WHAT IS IT COMPOSED OF?
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- One of half a gill.
- Composed of internal septum, blood vessels, nerves, muscles, and primary/secondary lamellae. - Two demibranches makes up a holobranch. |
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HOW MANY AFFERENT AND EFFERENT ARTIERIES ARE THERE IN THE DOGFISH?
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Afferent = 5
Efferent = 4 |
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HOW MANY GILLS AND LUNGS DOES THE NECTURUS HAVE AND WHAT ARE THEY DEVELOPED FROM?
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- 3 pairs of gills; 1 pair of lungs.
- Lungs are developed from swim bladders. |
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DESCRIBE THE ANATOMY OF THE HEART IN THE DOGFISH ALONG WITH THE BLOOD VESSELS BRANCHING FROM IT.
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- Blood flows into the heart and passes through the sinus venosus - atrium - ventricle - conus arteriosus and out through the ventral aorta.
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DESCRIBE THE ANATOMY OF THE HEART IN THE MUDPUPPY AND THE PATH OF BLOOD THROUGH IT.
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- Contains a left and right atrium, single ventricle, bulbus/conus arteriosus.
- Blood enters the sinus venosus from the common cardinal veins and the postcaval vein. - Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium from the body and oxygenated blood enters the left atrium from the lungs. - Blood is mixed in the ventricle and is pumped to bulbus arteriosus to the afferent arteries. |
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DESCRIBE THE ANATOMY OF THE HEART IN THE RAT ALONG WITH THE BLOOD VESSELS BRANCHING FROM IT.
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- 2 atria / ventricles, aortic arch, pulmonary/dorsal aorta. Sinus venosus has become sino-atrial (SA) node which is pacemaker.
- Deoxygenated blood flows into the heart from the superior/inferior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary aorta - lungs. - Oxygenated blood from the lungs flow to the left atrium via pulmonary veins - left ventricle - aortic arch - body. |
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HOW MANY EFFERENT AND AFFERENT ARTIERIES ARE THERE IN THE NECTURUS?
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3 each.
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HOW DOES BLOOD FLOW FROM THE HEART THROUGH THE GILLS TO ALLOW FOR GAS EXCHANGE IN THE DOGFISH?
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- Blood from heart flows to gills via afferent arteries where it runs countercurrent to the leaving water and oxygen diffuses into the blood. The oxygenated blood then leaves via efferent arteries to the body.
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WHAT ARE THE NAME OF THE MEMBRANES THAT LINE THE LUNGS, HEART, AND BODY CAVITIES IN THE RAT?
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- Lungs: visceral and parietal pleura.
- Mediastinum divides right and left pleural cavities. - Stomach & Intestines: visceral peritoneum. |
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WHAT IS THE PROCESS OF RESPIRATION IN MAMMALS?
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- Air enters the nasal cavities to the trachea into the lungs where the trachea branches into the bronchi which are lined with alveolar sacs.
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HOW HAVE THE HEART AND AORTIC ARCH EVOLVED?
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Fish: 2 chamber heart.
Salamander - Frog - Turtle (3.5) - 3 chamber heart. Crocodile - Mammal: 4 chamber heart. Aortic arch: Fish have most (5), amphibians to mammals have 3. |
