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Cards In This Set
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Upper Respiratory tract consists of.....
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Nose, nasal cavity, and the pharynx.Pharynx is subdivided into the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
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Lower respiratory tract consists of....
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Larynx, the trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs.
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Larynx houses _____
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Vocal cords
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Epiglottis allows...
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Air to pass into the larynx.
It is pressed downward by the base of tongue and occludes the larynx, preventing food and liquid from entering the trachea |
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Thyroid cartilage is made up of ____ cartilage and makes up the ____
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Hyaline cartilage. Laryngeal prominence (Adams apple)
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Trachea is flexible but not collapsible due to the presence of
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Cartilage rings
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The right lung has three lobes and the left lobe has ___ lobes
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Two, so that it may accommodate for the heart
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Lungs are expanded only when the pressure around them is ______ than the alveolar pressure
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Lower
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Air and blood are separated by
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Respiratory membrane
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Four components of the respiratory membrane
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1. thin film of alveolar fluid containing pulmonary surfactant. (Lowers surface tension. without this inflation of lungs is impossible)
2. alveolar epithelium consisting of squamous epithelial cells 3. thin interstitial space between the alveolar epithelium and the pulmonary capillary 4. vascular endothelial cells of the capillary wall |
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Red blood cells are ____ than pulmonary capillaries
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Bigger
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Structural changes that occur in the walls of respiratory tubes as we proceed from the primary bronchi deeper into the bronchial tree
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- There is a decrease in the amount of cartilage
- walls of the tubes acquire a layer of smooth muscle and connective tissue that are rich in elastic fibers. - epithelium changes from pseudostratified ciliated columnar to non ciliated simple cuboidal in the terminal bronchiloes - Pulmonary surfactant (Type 2 alveolar epthelial cells secrete this) |
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When diaphragm contracts it
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Moves downwards, therefore enlarging volume of the thoracic cavity and the rib margins are moves upwards and outwards.
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When abdominal wall muscles contract they
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Raise the pressure int eh abdominal cavity pushing the diaphragm up .
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Airway resistance depends on
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Rate of air flow, diameter, and the length of the airways
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