BIO 107 - Exam 2

The coding strand of a gene in a eukaryotic cell has the structure above (5'-Promoter-UTR-E1-I1-E2-I2-E3-I3-E4-I4-E5-UTR-3'). Exon 2 encodes protein structure that can act as an activator and Exon 3 encodes protein structure that can act as a repressor. Which of the following mRNAs could produce a protein that decreases the expression of a gene that leads to cancer? a. 5'-UTR-E1-E2-E4-E5-UTR-3'b. 5'-UTR-E1-E2-E4-E5-UTR-3'c. 5'-E1-E3-E5-UTR-3'b. 5'-UTR-E1-I2-E3-E4-E5-UTR-3'

The gene dystrophin is found in both skeletal muscle and in the kidney. In the muscle the dystrophin protein is 2400 amino acids longer than the dystrophin protein found in the kidney. Which cellular process best explains this observation? a. Translation in kidney cells skips codons to produce the shorter protein productb. The dystrophin gene sequence is different in muscle and kidney cells in all individualsc. A programmed mutation in kidney cells results in a premature stop codon in the dystrophin gened. Alternative splicing in the two cell types produces two different protein products from the dystrophin gene

In mice, the mature mRNA above can be translated into the protein TF1. Which Splicing pattern would result in the mature mRNA that codes for the protein TF1 in rabbits? [Picture]

The following mature mRNA codes for a transcription of the gene TRU in ovarian cells. [Picture] Which of the following mature mRNAs is most likely to be translated into a transcription factor that activates transcription of the gene TRU in the bone marrow cells? [Picture]

If a phage moves from the inside of a Gram Negative bacterium with a halo to the outside during cell lysis, what is the correct order of the cell wall features that it crosses?I. Lipopolysaccharide membraneII. CapsuleIII. Plasma MembraneIV. Peptidoglycan a. III-IV-I-IIb. III-IV-Ic. II-IV-IIId. II-I-IV-III

A newly discovered bacterium has the following attributes:i. Pink Staining with Gram Stainii. It has an F plasmidiii. It has a halo around it when viewed under the microscope Which cell wall structure will this bacterium NOT possess?a. sex pillusb. flagellumc. peptidoglycand. capsule

The bacteria Panibacillus apiarius will have a ______ shape in the microscopea. rodb. sphericalc. cuboidd. spiral

Bacteria replicate themselves through the process of:a. Meiosisb. Mitosisc. Binary Fissiond. Sporulation

[Picture]The graph above shows the outcome of the Lenski experiment on bacterial evolution. Which process was responsible for the increase in the growth rate of the bacterial population over time?a. A new gene was introduced by transformation after a sample of heat killed bacteria was added at time 0b. A contaminating bacteriophage introduced a new gene into the population through transductionc. Accumulation of random mutations during replication produced a new gene that spread through binary fissiond. conjugation spread a new gene through the population

The figure to the right shows how the amount of DNA in a recipient cell changes after it comes in contact with a Hfr cell. What is happening at time point 2?a. Recombination of the Hfr chromosome with the recipient cell chromosomeb. Entry of the Hfr cell chromosome into the recipient cellc. Degradation of the Hfr DNA that was not integrated into the recipient's chromosomed. Recovery of the recipient cell following conjugation

Penecillin (antibiotic) resistance genes are often carried on R plasmids. Which of the following would NOT be true?a. The R plasmid could contain a gene whose protein product breaks down penicillinb. The R plasmid could be spread through a population using conjugationc. The R plasmid could contain a gene whose protein product pumps penicillin out of the celld. The R plasmid could bind to the penicillin and remove it from the cell

If the F+ cell connects to a F- cell through sex pilus, the end result for the F- cell will be:a. The F- cell will become F+ and the amount of DNA in the cell will increaseb. The F- cell will become F+ and the amount of DNA in the cell will stay the samec. The F- cell may or may not become F+ and the amount of DNA in the cell will increased. The F- cell may or may not become F+ and the amount of DNA in the cell will stay the same

[Picture]Which species could have the ability to bind to human cells?a. Only species 1 and 3b. Species 2,3,4c. Species 2 and 4d. Only species 1, 2, and 3

Electron microscopes can see details of small structures in cells better than light microscopes. Why is this?a. Electrons have more energy than photonsb. Protons have a shorter wavelength than electronsc. Electrons have a shorter wavelength than photonsd. Electrons penetrate further into a specimen than photons

Mitochondria are though to have once been gram negative bacterial cells that formed an endosymbiotic relationship with another cell. which of the following statements is NOT consistent with this hypothesis?a. Both mitochondria and gram positive bacteria have polysaccharaide in their cell wallsb. Both mitochondria and gram negative bacteria have a chromosomec. Both mitochondria and gram negative bacteria have ribosomes for translationd. Both mitochondria and gram negative bacteria can create ATP from the breakdown of glucose