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Cards In This Set
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Postsynaptic potentials are mainly integrated at the
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The axon hillock is the primary site where postsynaptic potentials
(EPSPs and IPSPs) are summed to determine whether to initiate an action
potential.
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Which structure may help activate behavior and focus attention?
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The cingulate gyrus may help activate behavior and focus attention. This
structure appears to be overactive in OCD where a patient cannot
disengage from an obsession or compulsion.
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Which structure is crucial to emotional intelligence because it
sensitizes us to the social consequences of our own actions and helps us
understand the feelings of others?
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The orbitofrontal cortex appears to play a critical role in emotional
intelligence. This frontal lobe region may sensitize us to the social
consequences of our own actions and helps us understand the feelings of
others.
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Increased firing in the _______ produces cortical activation.
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Increased firing by both the dorsal lateral tegmental nucleus and the nucleus basalis produces cortical activation
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The withdrawal of sensorimotor input to the thalamus increases ______ activity.
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Withdrawal of sensorimotor input to the thalamus increases SMR activity.
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_______ neurons in the brain stem generate thalamic alpha rhythms.
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Brain stem cholinergic neurons generate thalamic alpha rhythms.
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Sterman (1994) proposed that _______ systems mainly influence thalamic generation of field potentials recorded from the scalp.
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Sterman proposed that vigilance, sensorimotor integration, and cognitive
integration systems influence thalamic generation of field potentials
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Which process best explains the persistence of neurofeedback training effects in ADHD?
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The phenomenon of long-term potentiation, where synaptic efficiency
increases due to activation, has been proposed as an explanation for why
neurofeedback training effects persist in ADHD patients.
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When we are vigilant, input from the _______ helps generate the beta rhythm.
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During vigilance, input from the reticular activating system helps generate the beta rhythm.
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Which is the noradrenergic pathway responsible for vigilance?
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The noradrenergic locus coeruleus system is the part of the reticular formation that is specialized for vigilance.
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Most sensory input to the cerebral cortex is filtered and distributed by the _______.
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The thalamus provides most of the cerebral cortex's sensory input. Olfaction is the major exception to this rule
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Neurotransmitters are primarily inactivated by _______.
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Reuptake is the primary mechanism that inactivates neurotransmitters.
Transporter molecules accomplish this by returning the neurotransmitter
to the terminal button.
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Which brain structure functions most like a thermostat?
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The hypothalamus maintains homeostasis like a thermostat. The
hypothalamus monitors both the internal and external environments, and
orders life-preserving adjustments by the autonomic, endocrine, immune,
and somatic systems.
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A sodium-potassium transporter _______
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A sodium-potassium transporter returns a neuron to its resting voltage
following an action potential. Sodium-potassium transporters exchange 2
potassium ions for every 3 sodium ions expelled from a neuron. This
allows a neuron to initiate future action potentials.
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An axon hillock must typically become ______ more positive than at rest to trigger an action potential.
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An axon hillock must typically become 20 mV more positive than at rest
to reach the threshold of excitation and trigger an action potential
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