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Cards In This Set
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Attachment Theory
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Describes the dynamics of long-term relationships between humans, especially as within families and between life-long friends
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Attachment Theory's most important tenet
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- An infant needs to develop a relationship with at least one primary caregiver for social and emotional development to occur normally
- And that further relationships build on the patterns developed in the first relationships |
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John Bowlby
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- Formulated Attachment Theory when studying separated and orphaned children during WWII
- Psychiatrist and psychoanalyst |
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Separation anxiety
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- The child experiences anxiety when separated from the primary caregiver
- Normal during 8-14 months of age |
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Mary Ainsworth
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- Developmental psychologist
- Student of John Bowlby |
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Secure base
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The caregiver provides a secure and dependable base for the child to explore the world
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Attachment
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An affectional bond or tie between an individual and an attachment figure (usually a caregiver)
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The biological aim of attachment is ___ and the psychological aim is ___.
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Survival; security
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Caregiver bond
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Caregiver's reciprocal equivalent of attachment towards the child
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Child's behavior patterns in a secure attachment
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- Uses caregiver as a secure base for exploration
- Protests caregiver's departure and seeks proximity and is comforted on return, returning to exploration - May be comforted by the stranger but shows clear preference for the caregiver |
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Caregiver's behavior patterns that create a child's secure attachment
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Responds appropriately, promptly and consistently to needs
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Child's behavior patterns in an avoidant attachment
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- Little affective sharing in play
- Little or no distress on departure, little or no visible response to return, ignoring or turning away with no effort to maintain contact if picked up - Treats the stranger similarly to the caregiver - The child feels that there is no attachment; therefore, the child is rebellious and has a lower self-image and self-esteem |
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Caregiver's behavior patterns that create a child's avoidant attachment
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- Little or no response to distressed child
- Discourages crying and encourages independence |
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Child's behavior patterns in an ambivalent/resistant attachment
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- Unable to use caregiver as a secure base, seeking proximity before
separation occurs
- Distressed on separation with ambivalence, anger, reluctance to warm to caregiver and return to play on return - Preoccupied with caregiver's availability, seeking contact but resisting angrily when it is achieved - Not easily calmed by stranger - In this relationship, the child always feels anxious because the caregiver's availability is never consistent |
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Caregiver's behavior patterns that create a child's ambivalent/resistant attachment
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- Inconsistent between appropriate and neglectful responses
- Generally will only respond after increased attachment behavior from the infant |
