ATI Fundamentals in Nursing Flashcards

-Be sure pt knows how to use the call light, that it is in reach, and encourage its use.
-Resond to call lights
-Orient the pt to the setting (grab bars, call light) to ensure he knows how to use all assistive devices and can locate necessary items
-Place pt at risk for falls near the nursing station
-Ensure that bedside tables and over bed tables and frequently used items (telephone, water, tissues) are within the pts reach.

-Temperature measued in degrees, reflects the balance between heat produced and lost form the body
-Pulse is the measurement of HR and rhythm. Pulse corresponds to the bounding of blood flowing through various points in the circulatory system
-Respiration is the body's mechanism for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmoshphere and the cells of the body, which is accomplished through breathing and recorded as the number of breaths per minute
-BP reflects the force the blood exerts against the walls of the arteries during contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the heart

-Use the major muscle groups to prevent back strain, and tighten the abdominal muscles to increase support to the back muscles
-Distribute the wt between the large muscles of the arms and legs to decrease the strain on any one muscle group and avoid strain on smaller muscles
-When lifting an object form the floor, flex the hips, knees, and back. Get the object to thigh level, keeping the knees bent and the back straightened. Stand up while holding the object as close as possible to the body, bringing the load to the center of gravity to increase stability and decrease back strain
-Use assistive devices whenever possible, and seek assistance whenever it is needed

-Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus
-Cardiovascular disease
-Cancer
-Substance abuse (alcoholism)
-Psychosocial stressors

-Infants trust that their feeding, comfort, stimulation, and caring needs will be met
-Social development is initially influenced byt the infants reflexive behavior and includes attachment, separation recognitiion/anxiety, and stranger fear
-Attachment is seen when the infant begins to bond with his parents. This development occurs within the first month, but actually begins before the birth of the child. The process is enhanced when the infant and parents are in good health, have positive feeding experiences, and received adequate rest

-Proteins contribute to the growth and repair of body tissues. Each gram produces 4 kcal. Sources include:
-Ground beef
-Whole milk
-Poultry

-Pt who have fragile oral mucosa require gentle brushing and flossing
-Perform denture care for pt who are unable to do so themselves
-Remove the dentures w/a gloved hand, pulling down and out at the front of the upper denture, and lifting up and out at the front of the lower denture
-Place the dentures in a denture cup or emesis basin
-Brush them w/ a soft brush and denture cleaner
-Rinse them in water
-Store the dentures, or help the pt reinsert the dentures

-Elicit and attend to the clients thoughts, feeling, concerns, and needs
-Express empathy and genuine concern for the client and family's issues
-Obtain information and give feedback abouth the client's condition
-Interven to promote functional behavior and effective interpersonal relationships
-Evaluate the client's progress toward desired goals and outcomes

-Maintain two points of support on the ground at all times
-Keep the cane on the stronger side of the body
-Support body wt on both legs, move the came forward 6 to 10 inches, then move the weaker leg forward toward the cane
-Next, advance the stronger leg

-Maintain clean, dry skin and wrinkle-free linens
-Inspect skin frequently and document the client's risk using a tool such as Braden scale
-Reposition the client in bed at least every 2 hr and every 1hr in a chair. Document position changes
-Place pullows strategically between bony surfaces
-Do not massage bony proinences
-Provided adequate hydration and meet protein and calorie needs

-Encourages healing and relaxation of the body by having the mind focus on images
-Possess knowledge about the varieties of therapies available
-Complementary therapies are unconventional treatment approaches used in addition to or to enhance conventional medical care
-These therapies can especially be effective for chronic health problems

-Major electrolytes in the body include sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium. Nurses monitor the client's laboratory values to identify any electrolyte imbalances
-Na+ is the major electrolyte found in ECF, with expected levels between 136 and 145 mEq/L
-Hyponatremia is a serum sodium level less than 136 mEq/L
-Ka+ is the major cation in ICF with expected levels of 3.5 to 5 mEq/L
-Ca is found in the bones and the teeth. It is plentiful in the body. The expected Ca leve is 9 to 10.5 mg/dL or 4.5 mg/dL for ionized Ca
-Magnesium is found in the bones, in smaller amounts is found within the body cells. A very small amount is found in ECF and expected levels are 1.3 to 2.1 mEq/L

-Removal of gases or stomache contents to relieve distention, N&V
-Route of administering mutritional supplements when oral/esophageal passageways cannont be used
-Washing out the stomach to treat overdose or ingestion of posion
-Applied pressure using an internal balloon to preven hemorrhage

-Record I&O accurately
-Monitor I&O for any client who has fluid or electrolyte alterations
-Weigh clients each day at the same time, after voiding, and while wearing the same type of clothes
-If using bed scales, use the same amount of linen each day, and reset the scale to zero if possible

-Older adults' skin is drier and thinner and may not tolerate as much bathing as younger adults' skin
-Older adults have highter incidences of infection and periodontal disease because of weakening of periodontal membrane
-Dry mouth is common in older adults due to decreased saliva production and medications this population commonly uses
-Assess client's ability to participate in personal hygiene. Encourage clients to participate in any way they can