Art History Final Exam (Greek and Roman)

-Geometric Krater from Dipylon Cemetery
-740 BC (8th Century BC)
-3 feet tall
-Geometric Period
-big open mouth signifies krater (mixing water and wine)
-Found in dipylon (two gates) cemetery in Athens
-ceremonial
-grave markers (vase function usually during geometric period)
-hole in bottom (somewhat function of a rhyton) (Pour water/wine into vase, pours into ground below for the dead)
-registers (organization of Greeks)
-narrative frieze
-Vase like a body (neck shoulder foot)
-Bulk of art on shoulder
-meander pattern (secondary to main art focus)
-no depth and use of echelon method
-represented war, and death and grief of death (not embracing death like Egyptians)
-story-telling (epitomizing geometric period)

-Corinthian Black Figure Amphora
-625 BC (7th Century BC)
-Amphora vase (storage vessel)
-Oriental Period
-approximately a foot high
-yellowish clay (Corinthian)
-Black figure style (Corinthian, adopted by Athenians)
+Silhouettes
+design is etched out
-registers (organization)
-rosettes in registers (oriental)
-function is aesthetic

-Lady of Auxerre
-650 BC (7th Century BC)
-limestone
-Oriental Period
-goddess or maiden(kore)?
-just over two feet tall
-Auxerre, France (oldest known location. Now in the Louvre)
-Hand over chest indicating prayer may suggest maiden or kore.
-Also no headdress suggests maiden
-characteristic triangle topped head
-Small waist, belted and fondness for pattern are typical during Oriental Period

-Calf Bearer
-560 BC (6th Century BC)
-Archaic Period
-Smiling (Archaic Smile, of archaic period-first)
-dedicated by Rhonbos
-symbolizes bringing Athena an offering to thanks for prosperity (prosperous times during Archaic period)
-marble
-Acropolis, Athens, Greece.
-Male perfection (nudity)
-Five feet five inches

-Kroisos
-530 BC (6th Century BC)
-Archaic Period (600BC-480BC)
-Marble
-6'4
-grave in Anavysos
-kouros statue
-much more naturalistic than in other periods
+rounded cheeks and hips
+natural hair
-Was originally painted(eyes, lips etc.), but Greeks normally left the flesh the color of the stone
-The man Kroisos died in war. The statue base says that Ares (God of war) destroyed him whilst he was in war
-stands in the typical Egyptian stance (one foot forward)

-Peplos Kore
-530 BC (6th Century BC)
-Archaic Period
-4' tall
-wears a peplos, a belted wool garment meant to make women look like columns
-was buried after the left arm was broken off when the Persians came in 480BC
-originally was in the Acropolis, but found buried
-Originally a votive offering for Athena
-Much more naturalistic, especially in comparison to the previous Lady of Auxerre

-Temple of Hera I
-550 BC (6th Century BC)
-Paestum, Italy
-Archaic Period (archaic temple)
-80 X 170 ft
-Doric Order
-Roof, frieze etc have all disappeared
-Hera is the wife and sister of Zeus and the goddess of marriage
-called temple of Hera 1 because temple 2 in nearby
-even number of columns
-has main room (cella or naus) and porch (pronaus)

-West Pediment from the Temple of Artemis
-580 BC (6th Century BC)
-Archaic Period
-Corfu, Greece (where the temple sat)
-Doric Order
-Pediment had metopes and triglyphs, now destroyed
-Artemis is the goddess of the hunt and wild animals, and also associated with the moon
-The center figure of the pediment is Medusa (snake haired demon)
-Medusa has the typical Archaic bent leg, and arm to show a pinwheel shape symbolizing movement of running or flying
-She is surrounded by a human, and Pegasus, the winged horse and then by two guardian felines
+The felines are similar to those of Mycenaean
lions at the Lions Gate
-To the far right is Zeus battling a giant (gigantomachy is popular in Archaic times)

-Gigantomachy
-530 BC (6th Century BC)
-Siphnian Treasury, Delphi, Greece
-2' 1
-Marble
-Ionic Order
-The treasury's function was to hold votive statues safely
-The north frieze contains an a popular theme of gigantomachy
-Features Apollo and Artemis chase a fleeing giant, while a lion attacks another giant
-Was originally painted and some metal weapons

-Kleitias and Ergotimos: Francois Vase
-570 BC (6th Century)
-Chiusi, Italy
-Archaic Period
-Black figure (design is etched out)
-Krater wide mouth
-Red clay indicated Athenian artist (unlike yellow clay of Corinthians)
-divided into registers
-Kleitias was the painter, Ergotimos was the sculptor
+"Kleitias painted me", "Ergotimos made
me" (pride of the artist)
-more than 200 figures throughout
-Many stories, lots based on Homer's writing (The Iliad)
+Achilles
-Many things were labelled
-Featured twisted perspective (profile of face, frontal torsos)

-Andokides Painter: Bilingual Amphora (black figure) (ALSO SEE RED FIGURE)
-525 BC (6th Century)
-Bilingual vase
-Amphora (storage vessel) vase
- black figure taught to the Andokides painter by Exekias(a famous black figure painter)
-recreation of Exekias' original of Achilles and Ajax playing a dice game
-foreshortening to show depth
-red figure: new development.
+Painted instead of etched
+More fluid
+figures left as color of clay, just painted bg
-red figure doesn't show depth, just skill of Andokides painter
-Andokides is the potter
-Ajax on right, Achilles on left
-Bulk of art on shoulder, design adapted to shape of vase
- Focus on one narrative
-use of spears and design to draw eyes centrally
-1"9'

-Aerial View of the Acropolis
-Athens, Greece
-Agora is below (site of politics, education, law, military, the mint
-path up through Acropolis

-Euphronios, Herakles wrestling Antaios
-510 BC (6th Century BC)
-Krater (mixing water and wine)
-Euphronios was the painter
-red figure
-Antaios was a giant (earth giant)
-1.5 feet high
-Athens reddish clay
-two scenes, one on each side to keep from overcrowding
-Herakles has upper hand
-overlapping of bodies is typical of red figure
-bracketing of center scene
-foreshortening (body towards legs away) advantage of red-figure

-Euthymides: Three Revelers
-510 BC (6th Century BC)
-Euthymides was rival or Euphronios
-Bracketing of main scene
-Showing off of foreshortening, all figures three quarter turned
-"Euthymides painted me as never Euphronios could do"
-2 feet high
-Vulci, Italy
-Nude males to show beauty of male body
-combination of drapery and body to contrast smoothness of skin with texture of drapery
+creates movement

-Onesimos (Girl preparing to bathe)
-490 BC (5th Century BC)
-interior of a kylix(drinking cup)
-Done by Onesimos
-Very different to show a woman nude, only in private sphere would this have been allowed
-May possibly been a slave woman, so naked not nude.