Archaeology Test 1 Chapter 1 Flashcards

The study of physical and cultural remains of past people- typically covers what written history lacks.

"That complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, art, law, morals, customs and other capabilities and habits acquired by members of society." (Tylor)
Shared traits, beliefs, values and customs over generation to generation.

- To recover and preserve material remains-Document patterned relationships-To reconstruct past lifeways (cultures of the past)-To establish cultural chronologies----come up with cultural histories, the chronological arrangement of the time phases/events of a particular culture. -To interpret and explain sequences of events. ---analyze cultural processes (use sequence of events)- The goals that are the most challenging are interpreting (from whatever information you have) the cultural processes of that society, and how they lived in that time. Also, how they changed over time and what happened to them. How they realllllly lived.

Everyday cultural customs and practices---ways of living. (Do this through ethnographic research.)

A careful, accurate description of cultures. (What they see.)

1. Cultural Anthropology (Ethnology)2. Archaeology 3. Physical Anthropology4. Linguistic (Cognitive anthro.)

Anthropology rests on the idea that human behavior can be scientifically studied in spite of complexities in human experience. -Archaeology strives to show us how cultures rise and fell,adapted, survived and declined over time.
- need to understand how living cultures function.

Both arch. and anthro. are cross cultural studies.
-can look and compare cultures from other sides of the world.-Arch. uses ethnographic analogies. (use of material and non material aspects of a living culture to form models to test interpretations of archaeological remains.) to connect to cultures of past/present.

-paleontology-Most things on history channel-Anything in movies

-The old world is what was known to Europeans before Columbus. (ie Europe, Africa, Asia and smaller land masses and islands)-The New world is everything discovered after Columbus.

Centered on culture----look at how people live as opposed to historical documents.

Study of original documents describing the past, such as those written by travelers, explorers and missionaries.

Focus on study of Ancient Rome/Greece - Learn latin/greek

Study of remains of cultures. --Could be as recent as 10-20 years ago.
-Civil war, colonial and medieval arch. also count.

Any object produced/altered by humans.