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- first permanent English settlement in America
- King James I wanted to expand Britain into America
- 105 men from Virginia Company settled in Jamestown, Virginia
- The beginning of a new country and a step toward revolution
- Induced the creation of new settlements into the New World
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First Africans Brought to Virginia 1619
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- African slaves brought into the New World for the first time by the Dutch in 1619 (Jamestown)
- Slaves were considered more as servants than slaves
- number of slaves increased as they benefitted the economy
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- English pilgrims came to America (Plymouth, MA) on the Mayflower to escape religious persecution
- an attempt to establish self governing colony/govt.
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Great Migration of Puritans to Massachusetts (1630s & 40s)
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- English Puritans flee England and Charles I in search of religious freedom
- moved to MA bay colony
- primarily middle class
- New colonies in America and expansion of English settlement
- Puritan faith to the New World
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Roger Williams Established Rhode Island (1636)
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- Roger Williams was an English protestant who lived in Massachusetts
- He was banished bc of his idea of separation of church and state and religious freedom
- created the colony of Rhode Island
- governed the idea of religious freedom and separation of church and state
- many religious minorities fled to Rhode Island
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- "Pueblo Revolt"
- New Mexico
- Spanish were enslaving Indians and trying to convert them to Catholicism
- Pueblo Indians (normally peaceful) revolted against Spanish because they were tired of the laborious work and didn't want to give their culture
- Pueblo victory and they kept their land for the next 12 years
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William Penn Established Pennsylvania (1681)
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- established Quaker settlement
- proprietary colony
- safe haven for all religious
- given to William Penn's father by King Charles II
- gave women equal rights as men (Society of Friends)
- separation of power
- elected officials
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Salem Witch Trials (1692)
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- New England under siege from Indians allied with French Canada
- Salem, MA
- women were oppressed
- justified trials/executions with Bible
- accused were older than 25 years old and accusers were under 25 years old
- Even the smallest suspicion led to a trial, leading to either a confession or hanging
- Eventually people began doubting the trial
- led to less power of church in court
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James Oglethorpe Established Georgia (1732)
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- during his time, Spain had Florida so Georgia was built as a buffer to protect the other colonies (South Carolina)
- refuge for persecuted Protestant sects
- prohibited slavery/ restricted alcohol
- only one out of the 13 colonies that received financial aid by vote of parliament
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Jonathan Edwards Sparked the Great Awakening (1734)
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- intended to convert through logic instead of emotional appeal
- resurgence of religion in Northampton, Massachusetts, Connecticut
- George Whitefield went on a preaching tour
- as a result, churches split, increase of educated people by reading Bible
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French and Indian War (1754-1763)
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- also known as 7 Years War
- 1st World War
- Britain and France competing for control of North America
- French had Indians as allies
- Ended with 1763 Treaty of Paris
- French loses power in America
- France cedes Canada and east Mississippi to England
- France cedes west Mississippi to Spain as compensation
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- British victory of French and Indian War opened up new land to the west
- Proclamation line of 1763 issued by George III meant that no British settlement west of Appalachian Mountains to protect the Indians
- This infuriated the colonists and they moved westward
- fuel for the American Revolution
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- attempt of British to pay off war debt
- taxed all printed paper
- help pay for troops stationed in N. America
- resulted in The Stamp Act Congress wrote Declaration of Rights, grievances, and claimed that parliament had no right to tax colonists
- increased tensions between Britain and colonists
- increased unity in colonists
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- repealed Stamp Act and lessened Sugar Act (boycotts were hurting British trade)
- stated that parliament's authority was same in America as Britain
- parliament had absolute power to do whatever it wanted regarding colonists laws
- brought horror to American colonists
- further increased tensions between British and colonists
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- raise revenue in colonies to pay salaries of governors/judges so that they would remain loyal to Great Britain
- continued resistance from colonists
- eventually led to the Boston Massacre
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