APUSH Ch. 7-9

-No President - no leader
-no regulation of interstate commerce
-can't draft an army
-boundary disputes b/w states
-no power to tax federally - states taxed each other
-no national currency
-members failed to attend Congress
-inability to remove Indians from path of westward expansion and open it to white settlement
-little trade reinforced w/ Britain -- seen as punishment for the colonists' rebellion
-couldn't rid British retention of US forts (couldn't draft a US army)
-inability to repay French loans (no taxes)
-Spain denied US rigth to deposit at New Orleans
-Shay's Rebellion
-barbary pirates for goods

-Northwest Ordinances (1785):
-outlawed slavery importation in most colonies (except SC and GA)
-new states could be added
-established public schools in each township
-money from sale of township/lands -- used to pay war debt
-kept states together
-allowed treaties -- Treaty of Paris (1783)

-British were finicky about moving out
-made good money from fur trade
-one of main causes for War of 1812
-Indians had war/land conflicts with settlers
-Spain (possed Lousiana territory) blocked New Orleans to prevent MS River travel
-hurt the economy
-North/South can't agree on how to populate the new interior land (slaves vs. no slaves)

Appointed in 1781 by Continental Congress as superintendent of finance
-urged colonies to stop making paper money and to pay in gold/silver
-took steps to make a federal banks

Argument of separating the factors was growing --- MA fought to keep the bond, while VG abandoned all connection b/w church and state
-still did not extend universally to Catholics, pagons, or Jews

(1786-1787)
-CAUSES:
-huge federal debt led to increased taxes on the people and non-paper money (shift to a more conservative gov.)
-farmers wanted states to print money to pay off debts
-states refused to print, and farmers began to have to foreclose their property
-REBELLION:
-Daniel Shay led farmers to county courts to protest against not printing money/high taxes
-MA militia were sent ot control the groups
-1st time no violence --- just a shock to the elite
- 2nd time shots fired -- rebels fled, rebellion failed
-EFFECTS:
-didn't succeed, but its failure incited change in the fed. gov. to have more power and exposed the fed. gov. weaknesses

(Sept. 1786)
-beliefs for a better/more federal gov. were spreading
-gathered to discuss interstate commerce and a revision of the Articles
-was a more ambitious convention than Continental Congress

(May 1787)
-all states attended in Philly
-Washington = leader
-compromises made --- set the tone for country's principles
-James Madison was the main writer/idea maker
-Quickly became a Federalist v. Anti-Federalist ordeal
ADOPTIONS:
-Great Compromise
-electoral college
-3/5 compromise
-import tax, no export tax (allowed debt payoff)
-decided to table slave importation issue for 20 years
-3-branch gov.
-strengthened the national gov. (allowed fed. tax, regulate commerce, draft an army, have a federal district, etc)

Created by James Madison and Edmund Randolph
-called for a more powerful fed. gov.
-called for bicameral (two house) legislature based on population (helped make bigger states have more voice)

-Created by William Paterson
-called for less of fed. gov.
-calloed for unicameral (one house) legislature with equal # of reps per state (helped small states)

-made by Connecticut man Roger Sherman
-called for bicameral legislature w/ one house based on pop. and one with equal # reps
-ADOPTED

-deemed that blacks counted as "3/5" a person
- fused the want for black slaves to count as a person for the population-based legislature, and the want for black slaves to not be taxed as people

-believed in stronger fed. gov.
-wanted a national bank
-supported the Constitution
-believed elite should govern
-mostly urbanites/wealthy
-Ben Franklin, George Washington, Alexander Hamilton

-believed in weaker fed. gov. - wanted states' rights
-opposed Constitution
-believed average people should all rule
-mostly poor/farmers
-Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry

Used to convince colonists that they needed the Constitution; written by Madison, Hamilton, and John Jay