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Cards In This Set
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Concept
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a mental grouping of similiar objects, events, ideas, or people
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Prototype
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A mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to the prototype provides a quick and easy method for including items in a category.
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Algorithms
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A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.
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Hueristic
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A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently. Usually speedier but also more error prone than algorithms.
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Insight
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A sudden and often realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy based solutions.
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Confirmation bias
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A tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions
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Fixation
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The inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an impediment to problem solving.
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Mental Set
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A tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past.
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Functional fixedness
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The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving
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Representative Heuristic
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Judging the likelihood in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevant information
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Availability heuristic
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Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we pressume such events are common
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X
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X
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Framing
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The way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgements.
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X
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X
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Belief bias
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The tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distory logical reasoning. invalid conclusions seem seem valid or seem invalid
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