+
Related Flashcards
Related Topics
Cards In This Set
| Front | Back |
|
Concept
|
a mental grouping of similiar objects, events, ideas, or people
|
|
Prototype
|
A mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to the prototype provides a quick and easy method for including items in a category.
|
|
Algorithms
|
A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.
|
|
Hueristic
|
A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently. Usually speedier but also more error prone than algorithms.
|
|
Insight
|
A sudden and often realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy based solutions.
|
|
Confirmation bias
|
A tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions
|
|
Fixation
|
The inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an impediment to problem solving.
|
|
Mental Set
|
A tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past.
|
|
Functional fixedness
|
The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving
|
|
Representative Heuristic
|
Judging the likelihood in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevant information
|
|
Availability heuristic
|
Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we pressume such events are common
|
|
X
|
X
|
|
Framing
|
The way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgements.
|
|
X
|
X
|
|
Belief bias
|
The tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distory logical reasoning. invalid conclusions seem seem valid or seem invalid
|
