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Related Flashcards
Cards In This Set
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Critical thinking
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Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions
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Hindsight bias
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The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have forseen it. (I knew it all along phenomenon)
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Theory
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An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations
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Hypothesis
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A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
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Replication
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Repeating of the essence of a research study, usually with different subjects in different situations, to see whether the basic finding generalizes to other subjects and circumstances
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Case study
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An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
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Survey
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A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them
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False consensus effect
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The tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
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Population
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All the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study
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Random sample
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A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
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Naturalistic observation
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Observing and recroding behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation
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Correlation
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A statistical measure that indicates the extent to which two factors vary together and thus how well either factor predicts the other
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Illusory correlation
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The perception of a relationship where none exists
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Experiment
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A research method in which the investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe their effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable) while controlling other relevant factors by random assignment of subjects
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Experimental condition
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The condition of an experiment that exposes subjects to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable
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