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Incumbent
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Already holding and elective office
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Coattails
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Tendency of candidates to win more votes beacuse the presence at the top of the ticket of a better-known canditate
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Political action committe (PAC)
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Commitee set up by a corporation, labor union, or interest group that raises and spends campaign money from voluntay donations
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Malapportionment
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Drawing the boundaries of legislative disticts so that they are unequal in population
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Gerrymandering
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drawing the boundaries of legistive districts in unusal shape to favor one party
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Sophomore surge
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increase in votes congressional candidates usually get when they first run for re-election
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*position issues
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Issue about which the public is divided and rival candidates or political parties adopt different policy position
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Big tent parties
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Alot of people in one party
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Valence issue
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Issue about whch the public is united and rival candidats or polictical partie adopt similar postions in hope that each will be thought to best represent those widley shared beliefs
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General election
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Election held to choose which candiate will hold office
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Primary election
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Election held to choose candidates for office
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Open primary
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Choose party to vote for as entering the polling place
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Closed primary
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Members only
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Blanket primary
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Primary election which voters can vote for candidates from both parties
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Runoff primary
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Second election held when no candidte wins a majority of the votes in primary election
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