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The relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole.
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Scale
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Scientific method of transferring locations on Earth's surface to a flat map.
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Projection
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Computer system that can capture, store, query, analyze, and display geographic data.
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GIS (geographic information system)
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Science of mapmaking.
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Cartography
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Name given to a place on Earth.
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Toponym
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Location of a place relative to other places.
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Situation
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The arrangement of a feature in space.
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Distribution
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An area of Earth distinguished by a particular characteristic.
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Region
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A 19th and early 20th century approach to the study of geography that argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences, so geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activities.
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Environmental determinism
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The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions but that people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives.
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Possibilism
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The frequency with which something occurs in space.
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Density
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The place from with which something occurs.
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Hearth
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System of written communication.
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Literary tradition
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A regional variation of a language distinguished by distinctive vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.
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Dialect
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Word-usage boundary.
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Isogloss
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