AP Human Geography Chapter 9

Indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy

Value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country, normally during a year

The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishery, and forestry

The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials

The portion of the economy concerned with transportation, communication, and utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people in exchange for payment

The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it

The gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy

Percentage of a country's people who can read and write

Compares the level of development of women with that of both sexes

Compares the ability of women and men to participate in economic and political decision making

Economic policies imposed on less developed countries by international agencies to create conditions encouraging international trade, such as raising taxes, reducing government spending, controlling inflation, selling publicly owned utilities to private corporations, and charging citizens more for services

Alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit union organizing, and comply with minimum environmental and safety standards