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State
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An area organized into a political unit ruled by an established government that has control over its internal and foreign affairs
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Sovereignty
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Independence from control of its internal affairs by other states
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Microstates
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States with very small land areas
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City-state
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A sovereign state that comprises a town and the surrounding countryside
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Colony
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A territory that is legally tied to a soveriegn state rather than being completely independent
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Colonialism
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The effort by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles on such territory
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Imperialism
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Control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society, whereas colonialism is control of previously uninhabited or sparsely inhabited land
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Compact state
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A state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly
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Prorupted state
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An otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension
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Elongated state
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States with a long and narrow shape
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Fragmented state
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A state that inlcudes several discontinuous pieces of territory
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Perforated state
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A state that completely surrounds another one
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Landlocked state
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A state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea
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Frontier
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A zone where no state exercises complete political control
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Unitary state
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An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials
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