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Cards In This Set
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What is the smallest living unit
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A cell
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What are the 4 concepts of cell theory
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1) a cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.........2) organism functions depends on individual and combined activites of all its cells..........3) structure and function are complementary ("complementarity of structure and function").......4)all cells come from other cells
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What are the 3 basic parts of a cell
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- plasma membrane: outer boundary ........-cytoplasm: intracellular fluid containing organelles ......-nucleus: DNA control center
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What are extracellular fluids
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Substances found outside the cell.....i.e interstitial fluid, blood plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, cellular secretions, extracellular matrix
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What is the plasma membrane
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It separates the intracellular fluid from the extracellular fluid ...it controls what enters and leaves the cell (selective permeability)
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What is the most abundant extracellular material
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Extracellular matrix... a gel like substance that holds the cell body together...most abundant in connective tissue
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What is the plasma membrane consist of
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A membrane of lipids that form a lipid bilayer.....the bilayer is constructed of phospholipids (75%), glycolipids (5%) and cholesterol (20%)
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What are the polarity of the phospholipids that cause them to line up the way they do
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They have a polar "head" that is hydrophilic (lipophobic) and a nonpolar "tail" that is hydrophobic (lipophilic) ...so the heads line up on the outside where the extracellular and intracellular fluids will touch them and the tails line up in the middle away from the fluid
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What are the two types of membrane proteins
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-integral proteins (stuck inside the membrane)........-peripheral proteins (not stuck to membrane, attached to integral proteins)
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What are some characteristics of integral proteins
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Firmly inserted in membrane, have both a hydrophobic and hydrophilic region, some are channels and some are carriers, some are enzymes and some are receptors for hormones and other chemicals (signal transduction)
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What is the purpose of membrane proteins
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They allow the cell to communicate with environment
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What are some characteristics of peripheral proteins
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They are loosely attached to integral proteins, some are enzymes, some are motor proteins and other link cells together threw cell to cell connection
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Does glucose need a phosphate group in order to enter a cell
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Yes
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What are glycocalyx
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Sugar molecule attached to a lipid or protein (glycoproteins, glycolipids)....it is a biological marker in which other cells recognize each other by...each cell has a different pattern....it allows immune system to recognize "self" from "nonself"...it is a fuzzy sticky carbohydrate area on cell surface
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What are the 3 types of cell junction
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-tight junction.......- desmosomes.....-gap junctions
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