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What is evolution?
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A change in gene frequency within a population over time, caused by one or more evolutionary forces.
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What are the preconditions of natural selection?
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Mode of inheritance- The trait in question must be inherited
Variation among individuals- Trait in question must show variation between individuals Environmental pressure- The environment must exert pressure on the trait. |
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What is natural selection?
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A primary factor causing evolutionary change in populations, in which individuals whose inherited traits allow them to better survive and/or reproduce contribute more offspring to the subsequent generation.
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What dictates whether or not a trait is advantageous?
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The environment.
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What is mutation?
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Inherited change in the DNA sequence; the only evolutionary force to introduce new variation into the gene pool.
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Where must a mutation take place if it is to have evolutionary significance?
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The gametes.
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What is a point mutation?
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Type of mutation in which one or up to a few bases is/are mistakenly out place in the DNA.
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What is genetic drift?
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Random fluctuations in gene frequency of a population between generations; particularly in a small population, gene frequencies do not accurately represent those of the parental population.
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What is gene flow?
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Movement of genes from one population's gene pool to another, causing change in gene frequencies of both former and new gene pools.
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What are the characteristics of a somatic cell?
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Cells making up the structural composition of the body; all cells other than gametes; possess the diploid chromosome number.
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What is microevolution?
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Change in the frequencies of an allele in a population.
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What are the characteristics of gametes?
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Haploid cells that pass on genetic material to offspring at fertilization; sperm and egg cells.
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What are the differences between a prokaryote and a eukaryote?
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A prokaryote is generally a single celled organism. It does not have a true nucleus. Example: Bacteria.
A eukaryote has many cells and a true nucleus enclosed in a membrane. |
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In a human, how many chromosomes would a diploid cell have?
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46
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In a human, how many chromosomes would a haploid cell have?
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23
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