Define the Evidence of Common Descent of Evolution Flashcards

members of the mammalian order Primates which includes lemurs lorises tarsiers monkeys apes and humans
what phyuical (biological) anthropology is concearned with
an order ThFinger (toe) Nails (tactile pads) Enclosed Orbits
Binocular / Stereoscopic Vision Color Vision
Reduced olfaction Omnivorous
Opposable (prehensile) Thumb & Toe Erect Posture (trunk ings all primates have in common
Dear King Philip, come over for good spagheti (Kindom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species)
Primates
Kingdom=animal
Phylum=primates
Suborder=Strepsorhini, Haplorhini
Infraorder=lemiformes,anthropoidea, tarsiformes,
Parvorder=anthropoidea--platyrhini(all new world monkeys) and cataryhini(all old world monkeys, apes, and humans)
Superfamily=Catarhini--Cercopithecoidea and hominoidae
Family=hominoidea--___and hominidae
subfamily=homininae(chimps, humans and bonobos, Gorrillas and Orangitangs
Tribe, homininae=Panini and hominini Genus=Gorrilla, Pan and homo
Species, Orangutangs--2 subspecies Species gorilla--four subspecies
Species troglodytes(Chimps)--3 subspecies, paniscus(bonobos)
Species, homo=sapiens

The study of biology and behavior of non human primates

the change in gentetic structure of a population. The term also frequently used to refer to the appearance of a new spcies
the most fundamental unifying force in biology today The theory that through gene mutation and natural selection new adaptations and eventually new species appear Anthropologists study the new version of this

Behavioral aspects of human adaptation including technology, tradition, language, relition, marriage, patterns and social roles
a set of learned bbehaviors transmitted form one generation to the next by nonbiollogincal non genetic means Nonbiological adaptations to the environment, this can include learned behaviors that acan be communtiacted to others -- especially from one generation to the next. Aspects of this have been identeified in apes
Culture is a learned behavior that allows humans to adapt to changes in the environment and control the world around them for the betterment of their species.

a set of biological relationships in which all componentees fall along a single integrated spectrum
A biological continuum . When expressions of a phenotype continuously grade into one another so that there are no discrete categories. E.g.Color and life forms
where one state blends into another.E.X. The color of skin gradually goes from black to white in humans. Tumors can gradually get more malignant, etc.

Anything organisms do that involves reaction ot external or interna stimuli
the response to the environment

general cultural orientation shared by members of a society
Perception of the external as shaped and distinguished by culture Culture makes one worldview different from another.

The mutual interactive activity of biology and culture, the concept that culture makes certain apsects of biology possible, a basic concept in understanding the unique components of human evolution
The notion that biology makes cultures possible and the culutre influences biology
For example greater knowledge of the world around supposedly led early ancestors to develop bigger brain size
interactions that result in anatomical and biological changes that relate to human evolution
ex. shape of pelvis, increased brain size,reorganization of neuralogical structures, smaller teeh, devolopement of language, etc.

Social anthropology, the study of patterns of belief and behavior, found in modern and historical cultures
Comparing cultures to make hypothese about aspects of human behavior that are common to all humans.Finding out what we do and why we do it and what it means to be human

physical anthropollogy
a scientific discipline concearned with the biological and behavioral characteristics, of human beings as well as our closest relatives, the human an non-human primates how we came to be human and why we are the way we are.
Seeks to do this by examinign the primate and particularly hominin fossil record.
Also specializes in biological variation, its genetic basis, and its adaptive significance
Also studies biology and behavior of nonhuman promates particularly as a method of understanding humans and for primates own sake
Studying why humans differ physically and how they got that way
Includes genetics, evolutionary biology, nutrition, etc. Driven by looking at the makeup of human physicality be it molecular, skeletal, Genetic, etc.

The study of earlier cultures by anthropologists who specialize in the scientific recovery and interpretation of remains of materials of past societies

Objects or materials made or modified for human use by hominids, the earliest artifacts are usuallyu tools made of stone or occoassionally bone.

The study of human language

the study of behavioral and anatomical human evolution as revealed in the fossil record Ultimate goal is to make a timeline of human evolution with fossils at each major point of evolutionary divergence(good luck) so as to understand more about modern human beings.

The study of disease and trauma in ancient human populations
the study of the prevelance of disease, nutrtional deficeincy, etc. that may leave its marks on bones
Tells us about ancient populations and what these diseases and their impact on humans can mean for the future.