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Related Flashcards
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Cards In This Set
| Front | Back |
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Explain the relationship between joint mobility and joint strength.
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–Joint strength decreases as mobility increases
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Structural Articulations
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–Fibrous joints
Dense Regular Connective Tissue –Cartilaginous joints Cartilage –Synovial joints Fluid filled joint cavity |
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Fuctional Articulations
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–Synarthroses—immovable joints
–Amphiarthroses—slightly movable joints
–Diarthroses—freely movable joints
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Sutures
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Fibrous Joints
•Rigid, interlocking joints •Immovable joints for protection of brain •Contain short connective tissue fibers •Allow for growth during youth •In middle age, sutures ossify and fuse –Called Synostoses |
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Gomphoses
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Fibrous Joints
-Membranes that hold tooth in the Jaw -example tooth in aveoli |
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Sychondrosis
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Catilaginous Joint
•Bar/plate of hyaline cartilage unites bones e.g., –Temporary epiphyseal plate joints •Become synostoses after plate closure –Cartilage of 1st rib with manubrium •~ All are synarthrotic |
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Synotosis
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A union between adjacent bones or parts of a single bone formed by osseous material
ex: fusion of cranial bones to make the skull |
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Name the four major sutures found in the skull. Name the fontanels.
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-Occipital, Parietal, Temporal, Frontal
-•Anterior Fontanelle –Frontal, sagittal, and coronal sutures •Occipital Fontanelle –Lambdoid and sagittal sutures •Sphenoidal Fontanelles –Squamous and coronal sutures •Mastoid Fontanelles –Squamous and lambdoid sutures |
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Describe the structure and function of fontanels. Name the two major fontanels thatare present at birth.
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•Fontanelles
–Are areas of fibrous connective tissue (soft spots)
–Cover unfused sutures in the infant skull
–Allow the skull to flex during birth
-Two frontal bones and Four occipital bones |
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Describe the structure of an intervertebral disc.
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•Intervertebral Discs
–Pads of fibrocartilage –Separate vertebral bodies –Anulus fibrosus •Tough outer layer •Attaches disc to vertebrae –Nucleus pulposus •Elastic, gelatinous core •Absorbs shocks |
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Describe the structure of an intervertebral disc.
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•Intervertebral Discs
–Pads of fibrocartilage –Separate vertebral bodies –Anulus fibrosus •Tough outer layer •Attaches disc to vertebrae –Nucleus pulposus •Elastic, gelatinous core •Absorbs shocks |
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Explain how a slipped disc and a herniated disc can occur.
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–Slipped disc
•Bulge in anulus fibrosus
•Invades vertebral canal
–Herniated disc
•Nucleus pulposus breaks through anulus fibrosus
•Presses on spinal cord or nerves and compresses
-may cause pain or numbness |
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Name the four curvatures found in the vertebral column. Name which curvatures are primary and seconday. Explain the difference between a primary and secondary curvature and indicate why they occur.
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Primary Curves develope before birth, and seconday curves after birth
-Primary Curves Thoracic curve: Accommodates the thoracic organs Sacral curve: Accommodates the abdominopelvic organs Secondary Curves Cervical Curve: develops as the infant learns to balance the weight of the head on the vertebrae of the neck Lumbar Curve: balances the weight of the trunk over the lower limbs; develops with the ability to stand |
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Define amphiarthoric joint
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A joint permitting little motion, the opposed surfaces being connected by fibrocartilage, as between vertebrae.
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Symphysis
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Amphiathroic joint
•Fibrocartilage unites bone –Hyaline cartilage present as articular cartilage •Strong, flexible amphiarthroses Ex: Fibrocartilaginous intervertebral disc Pubic symphysis (between the two hip bones) |
