Anatomy Ch. 5: Skeletal System- Overview

Axial skeleton: skull, vertebral column, ribs

Appendicular skeleton: limbs and girdles

1. Support
2. Protection
3. Movement
4. Storage
5. Blood cell formation

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Compact bone: dense, smooth

Spongy bone: needlelike pieces, open space

1. Long bones
-long shaft made of compact bone with heads at both ends.
-humerus, femur

2. Short bones
-cube-shaped, mostly spongy bone
-wrist and ankle

3. Flat bones
-thin, flat, curved, spongy bone sandwiched between two layers of compact bone
-skull, ribs, sternum

4. Irregular bones
-do not fit any other categories
-vertebrae, hip bones

A special type of short bone that forms within tendons, ex: patella

An irregular bone that is associated with, but not part of, the skull, and is the only bone in the body that does not articulate with any other bone.

1. Diaphysis: bone shaft, compact bone, covered by fibrous tissue membrane called periosteum.

2. Epiphysis (proximal and distal): heads of long bone, thin layer of compact bone enclosing spongy bone, covered by articular cartilage to reduce friction at joint surfaces.

Periosteum covers the diaphysis, where as articular cartilage covers the epiphyses

Yellow bone marrow is adipose tissue and it is stored in the cavity of a bone shaft.

Red marrow is necesary to produce blood cells; in infants it is found in the bone shaft, but in adults it is confined to the cavities of spongy bone.

Bumps, holes, and ridges along bone surfaces where muscles, tendons, and ligaments were attached.

1. Projections/Processes: grow out from bone surface

2. Depressions/Cavities: indentations in the bone

Mature bone cells found within the lacunae.

Cavities within compact bone that house osteocytes.