AHM Midterm 2020 Flashcards

Pardoned all Southerners except high-ranking military officers and confederate officials who took an oath pledging loyalty to the Union and support for emancipation. As soon as ten percent of a state's voters took this oath, they could call a convention, establish a new state gov't , and apply for congressional recognition.

A Reconstruction program designed to punish Confederate leaders and permanently destroy the South's slave society.

Relief agency for the war-ravaged South created by Congress in March 1865. It provided emergency services, built schools, and managed confiscated lands.

Laws designed by the ex-Confederate states to sharply limit the civil and economic rights of freedmen and create an exploitable workforce.

Drafted by Congress in June 1866,it defined citizenship to include African-Americans, guaranteed equal protection before the law, and established the federal gov't as the guarantor of individual civil rights.

White Southerners' derogatory term for Northerners who came south after the war to settle, work, or aid the ex-slaves. It falsely suggested they were penniless adventurers who came south merely to get rich.

White Southerner's derogatory term for fellow whites considered traitors to their region and race for joining the Republican Party and cooperating with Reconstruction policy.

Constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1869 providing an explicit constitutional guarantee for black suffrage.

The best known of the many secret white terrorist organizations that first arose in the South in 1866; they targeted freedmen and symbols of black self-improvement and independence and played a key role in reestablishing white supremacy by the late 1870s.

A financial panic on Wall Street that touched off a national economic recession causing financial houses, banks,and businesses to fail. Hundreds of thousands of workers lost their jobs.

Campaign of violence and intimidation waged by armed groups of whites closely allied with the Democratic party that drove Republicans from power in the Mississippi state elections f 1874

Name for white Southern political leaders who successfully returned their states to white Democratic rule in the mid-1870s. The name was intended to depict these leaders as saviors of Southern society from rule by freedmen, scalawags, and carpetbaggers.

Passed by Congress in 1875, it required state gov'ts to provide equal access in public facilities such as schools and to allow African-Americans to serve on juries. In 1883, the US Supreme Court ruled it unconstitutional.

Resolution of the disputed presidential election of 1876 that handed victory to Rutherford B. Hayes over Democrat Samuel J. Tilden. Democrats agreed to the deal in exchange for patronage and the continued removal of federal troops from the South.

Optimistic phrase white Southerners used to describe the post-Reconstruction South, reflecting the South's development of a new system of race relations based on segregation and white supremacy and pointing to a profound economic transformation that swept across the region.