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Zone of the adrenal cortex that produces aldosterone
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Zona glomerulosa
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Action of aldosterone
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Increase sodium reabsorption in the distal tubuleincrease potassium excretionActs on sweat glands, intestine, and salivary glands to reduce sodium loss
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Aldosterone: steroid or peptide?
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Steroid hormone
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Spironolactone
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Drug that blocks aldosterone receptorsused to treat aldosterone excess
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Reason why potassium is excreted in response to aldosterone
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As sodium is actively reabsorbed an ELECTROCHEMICAL GRADIENT is established that facilitates the PASSIVE transfer of potassium into urineNOT due to direct exchange of Na+/K+
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ACE inhibitors
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ACE: angiotensin converting enzymeconverts AI to AIIused as antihypertensive drugs
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Major stimulus for renin secretion from the juxtaglomerular apparatus
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Decrease in the perfusion pressure of blood transversing the renal afferent arterioles
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Results of sympathetic innervation due to decrease in plasma volume
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1. collapse vasculature down around existing blood volume to increase BP and CO2. stimulates renin release
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Stimulation of aldosterone secretion by potaussium ions
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Ions act directly on zona glomerulosa to stimulate aldosterone secretion
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Clinical hallmarks of primary aldosterone excess
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Hypokalemia and hypertension
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Androgens
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Steriod hormone secreted by adrenalZona reticularis
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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
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Adrenal androgen excessShuttling of large amounts of steroid precursor molecules into the androgen synthesis pathway
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Catecholamines
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Epinephrine and norepineprineproduced in adrenal medullahormones of the sympathetic nervous systempeptides
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Adrenal Medulla embryology
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Neural crest cells
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PMNT
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Enzyme that converts norepinephrine to epinephrine
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