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Related Flashcards
Related Topics
Cards In This Set
| Front | Back |
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What are abdominal causes of clubbing?
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Cirrhosis
Malabsorption (Coeliac disease) IBD (Crohn's) |
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What are causes of palmar erythema?
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Pregnancy
Hyperthyroidism RA Chronic liver disease |
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What are red flag symptoms for upper GI pathology?
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Anaemia
Weight loss Dysphagia PR blood loss Malaena Abdominal masses |
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Causes of upper GI bleeding?
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Peptic ulcer
Erosive/ulcerative oesophagitis Varices Gastritis Neoplasm Hereditary haemorrhagic telangectasia |
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Causes of lower GI bleeding?
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Haemorrhoids
Anal fissure Diverticular disease Neoplasm IBD Small bowel disease Meckel's diverticulum |
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Causes of jaundice?
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Pre-hepatic
- Haemolysis (spherocytosis, malaria, sickle-cell) - Gilbert's syndrome (reduced conjugation) Hepatic - Cirrhosis - Acute hepatitis - Liver tumours - Cholestasis (from drugs) Post-hepatic - Mechanical obstruction - gallstones, primary biliary cirrhosis, pancreatitis, pancreatic tumour |
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Five (six) causes of abdominal swelling?
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Fat
Faeces Fluid Flatus Foetus Fatal growth (tumour) |
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What are Kayser-Fleischer rings?
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Green-yellow ring encircling the iris, due to copper deposition, Wilson's disease
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Causes of angular stomatitis?
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Iron/vit B12/thiamine deficiency
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What is Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome?
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Hereditary telangectasia
- Presence of small dilated blood vessels on skin and mucous membranes (--> epistaxis, GI bleeds) - Associated with pulmonary/hepatic/cerebral arteriovenous malformations |
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What is Trosier's sign?
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Enlarged Virchow's node
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What are spider naevi? How many can be classed as "normal"? Causes?
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Central arteriole from which numerous vessels radiate
Fill from centre (unlike telangectasias which fill from edge) Occur most commonly in skin drained by SVC Up to 5 said to be normal Causes: liver disease, contraceptive steroids, pregnancy (change in oestrogen metabolism) |
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What are caput medusae? How to differentiate between that and IVC obstruction?
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Distended and engorged paraumbilical veins
After pushing down on the prominent vein, blood will:
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Signs of peritonitis on examination?
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Rebound tenderness/percussion tenderness
Involuntary guarding Absent bowel sounds |
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What is Murphy's sign?
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Pain on palpation over gallbladder during INSPIRATION, and no pain on the left side
Sign of cholecystitis |
