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Cards In This Set
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What does it mean to say that a complex factorial design is a 2 x 2? A 2 x 3? A 2 x 2 x 3? (How many independent variables are being manipulated in each example, and how many levels are there of each independent variable? How many conditions are there in each example?)
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A 2 x 3 design manipulates two IVs, one with two levels and one with 3 levels. This design has 6 conditions.
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In what order should a researcher test for the different types of effects possible with a complex research design? (What steps should a researcher follow when analyzing the data from an experiment with a complex research design?)
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ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) – test for significant interactions and main effects.
If there is an interaction, test and interpret simple main effects. If there is no interaction, interpret main effects through comparisons of two means. |
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What is a main effect? At what point in the data analysis process should a researcher test for main effects?
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Overall effect of an IV in a complex design. Effect on DV as if only that IV was studied.
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What analyses should a researcher do to more precisely specify the source of the main effect of an independent variable with more than two levels?
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Comparisons of two means
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What is an interaction effect? (Be able to recognize an example!) At what point in the data analysis process should a researcher test for interaction effects?
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Combined effect of IVs considered simultaneously.
An interaction effect occurs when the effect of an independent variable differs depending on the level of a 2nd independent variable. |
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What is a simple main effect? At what point in the data analysis process should a researcher test for simple main effects?
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The effects of one IV separately at each level of another IV.
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How is an interaction effect represented on a line graph?
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Lines are not parallel, that is, the lines either intersect, converge, or diverge.
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Know how to interpret a table of results for a 2 x 2 design with an interaction effect (Know how to apply the subtraction method to determine the nature of the interaction).
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How is the generality (the ability to generalize the findings) of the effect of an independent variable affected when that variable interacts with a second independent variable?
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Its generalizability is limited.
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What is a ceiling effect?
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The general measurement problem that occurs when performance reaches a maximum in any condition of an experiment.
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The natural groups design is effective for establishing:
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Correlations (NOT causal inferences) between individuals' characteristics and their performance.
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What are the steps an investigator must take in carrying out the general procedure for drawing causal inferences based on the natural groups design?
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Develop a theory explaining why a difference should occur between groups differentiated on the basis of an individual differences variable. Select an independent variable that can be manipulated and that should influence the likelihood that the theoretical process will occur. Strive to produce an interaction effect between a manipulated independent variable and the primary individual differences variable.
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What specifically do the results of an omnibus F-test for a complex design experiment allow the researcher to know?
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Whether the interaction effects and main effects were statistically significant.
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What analyses may identify the source and nature of a statistically significant interaction effect?
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Simple main effects analyses
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What is the case study method?
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An intensive study of one person, usually a therapeutic patient or someone who has suffered an unusual brain injury.
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