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Cards In This Set
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Used
when you want to reach a certain goal, but the solution is not immediately
obvious and obstacles block your path
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Problem solving
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4 types of problem solving
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- initial state- goal state- obstacles - thinking
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Requires
you to go beyond the information you were given, so you can reach a goal transformation
of knowledge
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Thinking
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Construct
a mental representation of the problem, based on the information provided in
the problem and your own previous experience
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Understanding the problem
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identifying and then attending to
the most relevant information
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Paying attention to important info
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What was bransford and Stein's study (1984)
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-algebra story problems-distracting negative thoughts
- effective problem solvers read the description of a problem very carefully, paying particular attention to inconsistencies |
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3 methods of representing the problem
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1 symbols2 matrices 3 diagrams 4 visual images
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Translating
words into symbolsoversimplificationmisremembering
the problem
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Symbols
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chart
showing all possible combinations of items
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Matrix
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Most
useful for complex, stable, categorical information
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Matrices
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Instructions
for assembling objectshierarchical
tree diagramgraphs
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Diagrams
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our
ability to solve a problem is tied into the specific context in which we
learned to solve that problem
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Situated - cognition approach
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Abstract intelligence or aptitude tests often __ to measure real - life problem solving
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Fail
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real-life cognition more __ than traditional cognitive approach
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Complex
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4 types of situated cognition
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- information-rich environments- social information - ecological validity - transfer failiure
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