Identification |
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Title : Woman of Willendorf Date : 22,000 - 21,000 BCE Medium : Limestone Culture : Paleolithic Significance : Women were frequent subjects in prehistoric art. Possibly a fertility statue. Or worship of women. |
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Identification |
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Title : Woman from Brassempouy Date : ca. 22,000 BCE Medium : Ivory Culture : Paleolithic Significance: Possibly a fertility statue. |
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Identification |
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Title : Bison Horn Date : 15,000 - 10,000 BCE Medium : reindeer antler Culture: Paleolithic Significance: A fragmentary spear thrower |
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Identification |
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Title : Bird Headed Shaman Date : 15,000 - 12,000 BCE Medium : Paint Limestone Culture : Paleolithic Significance : Earliest Human depicted visually. |
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Identification |
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Title : Chinese Horse Date : 15,000 - 12,000 BCE Medium : Cave Wall Culture : Paleolithic Significance : Displays the painters acute power of observation. The act of painting the image might have served some ritual or religious purpose. Sympathetic magic |
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Identification |
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Title : Plastered Skull Date : ca. 7000 BCE Medium : Plaster over human bone Culture : Neolithic Significance : Found in Jericho. Heads of the deceased were displayed in the homes. A funerary practice suggesting respect for ancestors and the dead. |
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Identification |
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Title : Seated Goddess Date: ca. 6500 - 5500 BCE Medium : Culture : Neolithic Significance : |
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Identification |
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Title : Female Figure Date: ca. 6500 - 5500 BCE Medium : baked clay Culture : Neolithic Significance : |
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Identification |
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Title : Bull Hunt Date : ca. 6500 - 5500 BCE Medium : Wall painting Culture : Neolithic Significance : transition from animals alone to humans
dominating animals (paleolithic to neolithic) |
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Identification |
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Title : Dancing Hunter Date : ca. 6500 - 5500 BCE Medium : Wall painting Culture : Neolithic Significance : |
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Identification |
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Title : Stonehenge Date : 2750 - 1500 BCE Medium : Stone Megaliths Culture : Neolithic Significance : Possibly a calendar. Represents tremendous manpower, organization, and engineering skill. |
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Identification |
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Title : Wall Painting Showing Boats Date : ca. 3500 - 3400 BCE Medium : Tomb Painting Culture : Predynastic Egpyt Significance : Funerary Art |
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Identification |
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Title : Palette of Narmer Date : ca. 3150 - 3125 BCE Medium : Slate Culture : Early Dynastic Egypt Significance : Ritual palette used for cosmetics.
Tells the story of the unification of upper and lower Egypt by King Narmer. |
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Identification |
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Title : Step Pyramid of King Djoser Date : 2681 - 2662 BCE Medium : Limestone Culture : Old Kingdom Egypt Significance : III Dynasty First known major funerary complex
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Identification |
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Title : Great Pyramids of Giza Date : 2601 - 2515 BCE Medium : Granite and Limestone, covered in gold Culture : Old Kingdom Egypt Significance : Created to commemorate King Sneferu's sons Khufu, Khafra, and Menkaure. IV dynasty Pyramids reach upwards toward the sky easing the transition to the Gods |
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Identification |
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Title : Seated Khafra Date : ca. 2570 - 2544 Medium : Diorite Culture : Old Kingdom Egypt Significance : Funerary art used to house the life force or Ka of the individual. |
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Identification |
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Title : Reserve Head Date : ca. 2550 BCE Medium : Limestone Culture : Old Kingdom Egypt Significance : |
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Identification |
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Title : Great Sphinx Date : 2570 -2544 BCE Medium : Sandstone Culture : Old Kingdom Egypt Significance: |
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Identification |
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Title : Menkaure and his wife Date : ca. 2515 BCE Medium : Slate Culture : Old Kingdom Egypt Significance : Menkaure and his wife are about the same height and similarity in pose which establishes the appearance of unity. |
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Identification |
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Title : Menkaure between Hathor and Local Deity Date : 2470 BCE Medium : Culture : Old Kingdom Egypt Significance : |
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Identification |
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Title : Hesy-ra Date : ca. 2650 BCE Medium : Wood Culture : Old Kingdom Egypt Significance : Elite officials were depicted in two kinds of ideal images. The youthful and the mature. This is a depiction of the youthful stage in life. |
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Identification |
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Title : Prince Ank-haf Date : ca. 2600 BCE Medium : Culture : Old Kingdom Egypt Significance : |
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Identification |
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Title : Sheik el Beled Date : ca. 2500 BCE Medium : Wood Culture : Old Kingdom Egypt Significance : His round figure and old appearance shows his higher more comfortable status in egyptian society. Depiction is more naturalistic. |
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Identification |
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Title : Prince Rahotep and his wife Nofret Date : ca. 2160 BCE Medium : Painted Limestone Culture : Old Kingdom Egypt Significance : A more naturalistic appearance. |
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Identification |
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Title : Ti watching a Hippopotamus Hunt Date : ca. 2150 -2460 BCE Medium : Painted Limestone Culture : Old Kingdom Egypt Significance : Funerary art depicting a leisurely activity for the deceased to take part in in the afterlife. Boats were the vehicle that carried the Ka through it's eternal journey in the afterlife. |
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Identification |
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Title : Geese Date : ca. 2300 BCE Medium : Culture : Old Kingdom Egypt Significance : |
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Identification |
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Title : Rock Cut Tomb Date : ca. 2040 - 1674 BCE Medium : Rock Culture : Middle Kingdom Significance : Located in Beni Hasan. These tombs contained false doors,
tunnels that changed direction, and blocked passages to deceive
and confuse thieves. |
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Identification |
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Title : Hall of Bulls Date : 15,000 - 12,000 BCE Medium : Paint on Limestone Culture : Paleolithic Significance : Sympathetic magic-connected spirituality to the animal, reenacting the
hunt in the safety of the cave, preparing success for themselves |
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Paleolithic Era |
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( The Old Stone Age ) Primitive homonid forms existed. Tools were used and temporary
structures created. A Hunter Gatherer Nomadic society. |
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Neolithic Era |
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(The New Stone Age) Move from nomadic to agricultural society. |
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Megalith |
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A large stone |
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Menhir |
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A prehistoric monument in the form of a single, large, upright stone |
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Dolmen |
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Prehistoric tomb made of large upright stones, capped
with a horizontal stone and originally buried under an earth mound
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Title : Altamira Cave Paintings Date : ca. 12,000 BCE Medium : paint on limestone Culture : Paleolithic Significance : Prehistoric art was first discovered in the Altamira caves.
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Identification |
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-
Catal
Huyuk
- Culture : Neolithic
-
- no
streets or doors
-
openings
in roof provided ventilation and access into interiors
-
houses
were made of mud brick and timber frames
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walls and
floors plastered and painted
-
houses
served as perimeter wall
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Identification |
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-
Catal
Huyuk\Neolithic
-
world's
first LANDSCAPE (picture of natural setting in its own right, without
any narrative content)
-
mountain
is thought to be HASAN DAG.
|
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Relief |
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A 3 dimensional quality emerging from a flat surface. Comes in low and high depth. |
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Current authoritative explinations why Paleolithic paintings were
created include: |
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Purely aesthetic reasons
Shamanistic rituals
Magical influence on reality
Historical record of the hunt |
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Modeling |
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Producing a 3 dimensional effect by changes in color, the use of light and shade. |
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Incising |
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Carving or engraving into a hard material |
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Trilithon |
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Two upright stones supporting a third horizontal one. |
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Cromlech |
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A circle of large upright megaliths |
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Alignment |
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an arrangement in rows |
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Post-and- lintel |
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Two upright stones supporting a third horizontal stone |
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Capstone |
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Horizontal stone ontop of a post-and-lintel |
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Canon |
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A law or rule or standard of art |
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Palette |
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a low relief late or slab used for crushing makeup |
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Register |
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Horizontal Rows |
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Stele |
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Upright stone sometimes decorated. Monumental "pillar" erected to commemorate a historical event |
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Paleolithic Conventions |
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Emphasis on animals
Female figure
Limited depictions of humans
No permanent structures
Hand prints |
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Cuneiform |
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Earliest known (to date) writing |
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Cylinder Seal |
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Means of designating ownership;
practical art form which continues in the Near East for over three
thousand years |
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Lamassu |
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An Ancient Near Eastern Guardian of a palace, oten shown in sculpture as a human-headed bull or lion with wings. |
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Near East Building Material |
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Mud Brick
Clay was easily found and worked
Hot, dry climate for backing bricks Stones not always available;trees scarce |
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Armana Period |
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Softer more naturalistic style in the arts
(More Feminine)
Growth in power of the Aten
(creator, creation)
Moved Egyptian capital to Armana or Akhenaten |
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Hypostyle |
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Columned hallway |
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Sphinx |
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lion's body and head of man |
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Mastaba |
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Rectangular bench like egyptian tomb. Limestone blocks built over the shaft of a grave. Maintained the integrity of the body to make an easier transition into the afterlife. |
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Obelisk |
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Pillar topped with a Pyramidion. Pyramid on a stick |
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Step Pyriamd |
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Burial structure made of several superimposed Mastabas. |
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Ka |
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Life force that continues past death;
permitted the deceased to eat and drink offerings |
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Egyptian Art |
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For the most part a stable social and religious culture. Geography of the region enables preservation of items. Funerary Art produced to ensure a blissful after life. Paintings and sculptures found in these tombs had an eternal purpose. An art of permanence created mainly for the tombs of the Elite. Rigidity Stressed the importance of the afterlife Importance conveyed by Size |
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Egyptian Tombs Function |
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A permanent marker for the living Indicated the status of the dead Perpetuated a memory of them Preservation of the deceased's life force (Ka)
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Identification |
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Title : Ziggurat at Ur Date : ca. 2100 BCE Medium : Mud Brick Culture : Sumerian Significance : Link between heaven and earth. A place where the priest could commune with god. Dedicated to the moon god. |
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Identification |
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Title : Warka Vase Date : 3300 -3000 BCE Medium : Alabaster Culture : Sumerian Significance : One of the earliest examples of a narrative. A Key monument of Sumerian culture. Organized in registers depicting vegetation, animals, bearers of of offerings, and an image of these gifts being offered to the goddess Ishtar. |
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Identification |
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Title : Ram in a Thicket Date : 2300 - 2340 Medium : Gold Foil, wood, lapis lazuli Culture : Sumerian Significance : Funerary context . Sumerian artists great skill in representing nature. |
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Identification |
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Title : Soundbox of a harp Date : ca. 2685 BCE Medium : Shell and bitumen Culture : Sumerian Significance : Music was tremendously important in the Sumerian culture. Depicts animals performing human activities. |
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Identification |
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Title : Figures from Tell Asmar Date : 2900 - 2600 BCE Medium : Mostly clay and stone Culture : Sumerian Significance : Prayer statues used as substitutions for worshipers. Seeing was a major channel of communication with God. Eyes wide open in admiration to God's awesomeness. |
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Identification |
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Title : Stele of Naram Sin Date : ca. 2254 - 2218 BCE Medium : Limestone Culture : Akkadian Significance : A record of Akkadian invasion and the ascent of Naram Sin to a more divine status. |
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Identification |
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Title : Head of an Akkadian ruler Date : ca. 2300 - 2100 BCE Medium : Bronze Culture : Akkadian Significance : Found in a trash heap. Transition from Akkadian rule back to Sumerian rule. Shows Akkadian skill at metal work. |
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Identification |
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Title : Seated Gudea / Standing / Head Date : ca. 2120 BCE Medium : Diorite Culture : Neo-Sumerian Significance : Depicts the king of Lagash doing the traditional job of a King. Praying and communicating to the Gods. Covered in cuneiform script. (A prayer) A mark of his piety. |
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Identification |
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Title : Lilith Date : ca, 2025 - 1763 Medium : Terracotta plaque Culture : Neo-Sumerian/Babylonian Significance : Depiction of the goddess of the underworld (death, night, and justice after death) Measuring life & value of an individual. |
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Identification |
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Title : Stele of Hammurabi Date : 1792 - 1750 BCE Medium : Diorite Culture : Babylonian Significance : Law codes given to King Hammurabi from the sun god Shamash.
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Identification |
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Title : Lion Gate Date : ca. 1400 BCE Medium : Mud Brick / Fire Clay Culture : Hittites Significance : Shows the Hittites lack of elegance with stone work as opposed to their skill with metal. |
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Pigment |
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a coloring matter or substance |
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Prehistoric |
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Before history. Before writing and record keeping. |
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Henge |
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a prehistoric circular area with standing stone |
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Rock cut Tomb |
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a burial structure caverns that were tunneled into
natural rock. |
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Lagash |
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A City |
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Rhyton |
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Elaborate drinking cup |
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lost-wax casting |
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steps which are usually used in casting small statues in wax. A Method of duplicating a work by pouring a hardening substance such as wax. |
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Ziggurat |
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Large structure made out of baked clay bricks.Resembles a pyramid but terminates to a flat platform at the top. Served as a temple to communicate to God. |
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Cone Masaic |
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Repetitive zigzag or lozenge patterns formed by embedding many clay
cones |
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Pectoral |
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protective jewelry that hangs down to the chest/breast area |
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Pylon |
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A gateway. Monumental entrance to an egyptian temple. |
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Punt |
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an ancient Egyptian name of an area not absolutely identified . |
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Amun |
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State God. |
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Mesopapotamian Art |
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Was Used to effect and reflect political power . To display visual narratives, and to explore story telling through art. |
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Identification |
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Title : Female Head Date : 3500 - 3000 BCE Medium : Limestone Culture : Sumerian Significance : A cult statue found in the Eanna Sanctuary of Inanna (Goddess of Love and War) |
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Identification |
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Title : Ishtar Gate Date : ca. 575 BCE Medium : Glazed Brick Culture : Neo-Babylonian Significance : The vivid coloristic effect of glazed brick. Named after the goddess of love and war |
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Identification |
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Title : Nimrud palace of Assurnasirpal Date: ca 850 BCE Medium : Architecture Culture : Assyrian Significance : |
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Identification |
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Title : Palace of Darius Date : 518 - 460 BCE Medium : Architecture Culture : Persian Significance :
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Identification |
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Title : Lion Head Rhyton Date : ca 550 - 450 BCE Medium : Gold Culture : Persian Significance :
|
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Three Statues of Hatshepsut |
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Date : ca 1473-1458 BCE Culture : New Kingdom Significance : Female Queen depicted more masculine |
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Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut |
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Date : 1473 -1458 BCE Culture : New Kingdom |
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Identification |
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Title : Face of a Queen Date : 1352-1336 BCE Medium : Yellow Jasper Culture : New Kingdom
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Identification |
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Title : Funerary Mask of Tutankhamun Date : ca. 1327 Medium : Gold inlaid with glass and semiprecious stones Culture : New Kingdom Significance : Most of the tomb and its treasures remained intact which is unusual because tombs were robbed frequently. |
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Identification |
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Title : Stela Depicting the Royal Family Date : ca. 1352 -1336 BCE Medium : Painted Limestone Culture : New Kingdom Significance : depiction of a loving family. |
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Identification |
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Title : Head of Queen Tiy Date : ca. 1352 BCE Medium : Gold , Clay , boxwood Culture : New Kingdom
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Identification |
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Title : Bust of Queen Nefertiti Date : ca. 1352 - 1336 Medium : Painted Limestone Culture : New Kingdom Significance : Possibly a naturalistic depiction of the Queen but there's another bust of a much older woman beneath it. |
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Identification |
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Title : Abu Simbel Date : ca. 1279 - 1213 BCE Medium : rock Culture : New Kingdom Significance : massive rock temples built by Ramses. |
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Identification |
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Title : Face of a Queen Date : 1352 - 1336 BCE Medium : Yellow Jasper Culture : New Kingdom Significance : From a statue composed of many different materials. |
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Identification |
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Title : Colossoal Statue of Akhenaten Date : ca. 1352 -1336 BCE Medium : Sandstone Culture : New Kingdom Significance : Akhenaten's worship of the Aten god of creation and sun influencing the art work to be more feminized/ naturalistic. |
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Identification |
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Title : Colossal Statue of Amenhotep III and Queen Tiy Date : ca. 1390 - 1352 BCE Culture : New Kingdom
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Neolithic Time Period? |
|
8000 - 2300 BCE |
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Paleolithic Time Period? |
|
40,000 - 8000 BCE |
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Predynastic Egypt Time Period? |
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before ca. 3150 BCE |
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Early Dynastic Egypt Time Period? |
|
ca. 3150 -2575 BCE |
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Old Kingdom Egypt Time Period? |
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ca. 2700 - 2150 BCE |
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Middle Kingdom Egypt Time Period? |
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ca. 2040 - 1674 BCE |
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Sumerian Art Time Period |
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ca. 3500 - 2300 BCE |
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Akkadian Art Time Period? |
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ca. 2300 - 2100 BCE |
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Neo-Sumerian and Babylonian Art Time Period ? |
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ca. 1792 - 1700 BCE |
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Hittites Time Period? |
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ca. 1600 -1300 BCE |
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Assyrian Art |
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ca. 1000 - 615 BCE |
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Neo-Babylonian Art |
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ca. 612 - 539 BCE |
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Persian Art |
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ca. 539 -331 BCE |
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New Kingdom Art |
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ca. 1550 - 1069 BCE |
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