Anatomy And Physiology Lab 2

Bony Joints synostosis synarthrotic ossification of fibrous or cartilaginous joints Fibrous Joints Synarthrotic or synarthrodial joint adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers that emerge from one bone sutures, gomphoses, and syndesmoses sutures synarthrotic sagittal suture between parietal bones coronal suture at the anterior margin lambdoid suture at the posterior margin squamous suture laterally gomphoses synarthrotic syndesmoses amphiarthrotic Cartilaginous joints amphiarthrosis two bones linked by cartilage Synchrondroses synarthrotic bones are bound by hyaline cartilage between epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone first rib to the sternum by a hyaline costal cartilage symphyses amphiarthrotic two bones joined by fibrocartilage pubic symphysis- R and L pubic bones are joined by the cartilaginous interpubic disc synovial joints diarthrotic articular cartilage in synovial joints facing smooth surfaces of the two bones are covered in this hyaline cartilage joint (articular cavity) synovial fluid joint (articular) capsule fibrous capsule synovial membrane -- spheroid joints shoulder and hip joints multiaxial joints the glenoid cavity of the scapula acetabulum of the hip bone ellipsoid joints oval convex surface on one bone that fits into a complementary shaped depression on the other radiocarpal joint of the wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints at the bases of the fingers biaxial sellar joints saddle-shaped surface-concave in 1 direction and convex in the other trapeziometacarpal joint between trapezium of the wrist and metacarpal 1 at the base of the thumb biaxial plane (gliding) joints arthodial flat articular surfaces where bones slide over each other limited movement carpal bones of the wrist tarsal bones of ankle articular processes of the vertebrae biaxial ginglymus joints monaxial joints 1 bone with convex surface that fits into a concave depression on the other bone elbow, knee, and interphalangeal (finger and toe) joints trochoid joints monaxial joints spins on a longitudinal axis atlantoaxial joint between the 1st 2 vertebrae radioulnar joint at elbow flexion and extension flexion: decreases a joint angle (usually sagittal plane)-hinge joints extension: movement that straightens a joint and generally returns a body part to the zero position- straightening elbow abduction and adduction abduction: is a movement of a body part in the frontal plane away from the body adduction: movement in frontal plane back toward the midline Elevation and Depression elevation: movement that raises a body part vetically in the frontal plane depression: lowers a body part in the same direction protraction and retraction protraction: anterior movement of a bady part in the transverse (horizontal) plane retraction: posterior movement Circumduction one end of an appendage remains fairly stationary while the other makes a circular motion rotation bone turning around an axis --> movement in which a bone spins on its longitudinal axis medial rotation: humerus spins lateral rotation: opposite motion, so forearm points away from the body pronation and supination supination: of the foremarm is a movement that turns the palm to face anteriorly or upward SAP: forearm is supinated and the radius is parallel to the ulna Pronation: is the opposite movement causing the palm to face posteriorly or downward and the radius to cross the ulna like an X temporomandibular (jaw) joint TMJ lateral ligament sphenomandibular ligament glenohumeral (humeroscapular) joint shoulder joint hemispherical head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula glenoid labrum rotator cuff glenohumeral ligaments coracohumeral ligament transverse humeral ligament shoulder bursae subdeltoid subacromial subcoracoid subscapular Elbow joint --> humeroulnar joint humeroradial joint olecranon bursa radial (lateral) collateral ligament ulnar (medial) collateral ligament proximal radioulnar joint anular ligament coxal joint acetabular labrum iliofemoral and pubofemoral ligaments ischiofemoral ligament the head of the femur has a conspicuous pit called the fovea capitis and attaches to the lower margin of the acetabulum transverse acetabular ligament knee joint --> tibiofemoral joint patellofemoral joint lateral and medial menisci transverse ligament popiteal region fibular (Lateral) collateral ligament tibial (medial) collateral ligament ACL PCL 13 bursae: anterior superficial infrapatellar suprapatellar prepatellar deep infrapatellar talocrural joint posterior tibiofibular ligaments anterior " " medial (deltoid) ligament lateral (collateral) ligament calcaneal tendon (Achilles)